90
��THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
��The proportion of population within the age limits 18-45 being abont 40 per cent, of the totals and about half (in Europe a little more than half) being women^ there remain one fifth men^ as already pointed out. But not all of these are available for military service. Some are physically unfit and some have to be retained at home to do the necessary work. What these exemptions amount to depends upon the physical standard adopted, and upon the requirements of home service and the ability of the non-military population to perform it. In the Confederate service at the close of the Civil War a most rigid draft was enforced. In a white population east of the Mississippi, of about 3,600,000 (Ne- groes were not taken into the service to any appreciable extent) the num- ber of exempts which had to be allowed between the ages 17 and 50 was 87,863, or about 10.3 per cent, of the male population within these
limits.
Resources in Men
��Name of Country
�Latest Eettnuttee of PopuUtton
�18 to 46 Yean.
16 J<
�17 to 60 Yean.
18.8^
�ArMtnnr. 10 f
�Germany
�(1916) 67,812,000 (1910) 51.814,000 (1910) 20.000,000 (1914) 4.750.000
�10.850.000
8,290.000
3.200.000
760.000
�12.740.000
9.741,000
3.760.000
873.000
�6,718,000
�Austria-Hungary
Turkey
�5,181.000 2.000,000
�Bulgftrin
�475.000
� � �Total
�144,409,000
�23,1000.000
�27,123.000
�14,374.000
� � �Ruiwrift
�(1912) 173,366,000
(1913) 46.185,000 (1911) 39,602.000
(1911) 35,239,000
(1912) 7,571,000
(1914) 4,547.000 (1914) 516.000
25.000.000
�27.737.000 7.390.000 6.336.000 5.638.000 1.211.000 732.000 83.000 4.000,000
�32.591.000 8.683.000 7,446.000 6,625.000 1,423,000 855,000 97,000 4,700.000
�17.336.000
�United Kingdom
France
Italy
�4.619.000 3.960.000 3.524.000
�RelgiuiT*- - , - - - T - - 1 - T - -
�757.000
�Servia
�455.000
�Montenegro
Colonies
�52.000 2.500.000
� � �Total
�322.016.000
�62,127,000
�62.419,000
�33.203.000
� � �Roumania.
�(1914) 7.508,000 (1914) 4,821.000
�1,201.000 771.000
�1,412.000 926.000
�751,000
�Greece
�482.000
� � �Total
�12.333.000
�19.720.000
�2,338.000
�1.233.000
� � ��The figures in column 2 are from the Almanach de Gotha^ except those for the Balkan States, ^hich are from the Statesman's Yearbook. Thej are griven to the nearest thousand only. The Belgian, Serbian and Montenegrin popula- tion is nearly all not available. The estimate for Colonies" is purely arbi- trary, but it would be manifestly wrong to make the basis that of actual population.
For the age limits 18-45 the percentage may have been as low as ten, but this must be considered as a minimum under any circumstances. It would ordinarily be considerably higher. Most of the exempts in the Confederate service were such as were physically or mentally unfit, as negro slave labor made it unnecessary to retain many white men for work
�� �
