Page:The Sources of Standard English.djvu/126

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The Old and Middle English.
97

of 870 has had upon our tongue. I give a list of those Scandinavian words, used by him, which have kept their place in our speech.[1]

Old English. Scandinavian. Orrmin.
Tynan Angra Anngrenn, to anger
Unscearp Blunda, dormire Blunnt
Ceapsetl Bûdh Boþe, booth
Fear Boli Bule, bull
Hræd Buinn Bun, ready[2]
Sniðan Klippa Clip, tondere
Searu Krokr, uncus Croc, a device
Sweltan Deyja Deʓe, die
Wunian Dvelia, delay Dwelle[3]
Afaran Flytta Flitte, remove
Paþ Gata Gate, path
Freme Gagn, commodum Gaʓhenn, gain
Gescrepelice Gegnilega, conveniently Geʓʓnlike[4]
Cræft Ginna, seducere Ginn, a contrivance
Ceápman Okr, usury Huccster[5]
Yfel Illa Ille, ill
Ticcen Kid Kide, capreolus
Tendan Kinda Kindle
Up-heah á Lopti o Lofft, aloft
Neát Naut Nowwt, nolt in Scotch
Sige Overhaand Oferrhannd, upper hand
Eax Palöxi Bulaxe, poll-axe
  1. I give in my list the origin of a few Scottish phrases, and the reason why Yorkshiremen talk of the gainest way to a place.
  2. A ship is outward bound.
  3. We still have the old sense, ‘to dwell long upon a thought.’The sense of habitare has not quite driven out the sense of morari.
  4. Hence comes our ungainly. But the verb ‘to gain’ is from theFrench gagner.
  5. Ster was the sign of the feminine for hundreds of years afterthis time, at least in the South; we see a change at work whenOrrmin applies the ending ster to a man.