Page:The Sources of Standard English.djvu/152

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The Old and Middle English.
123


Shy Skygg, Swedish
Scowl Skule, Danish
Skull Skal, Danish
Scraggy Skrekka, Norse
Skulk Skjol, Norse
Sluggish Slœki, Norse
Smoulder Smul, Danish, dust
Windohe, window Vindauga, Icelandic

Many an Old English word has been driven out by these Scandinavian strangers. Moreover, I add a list of many words, which Southern England had in common with our Dutch and Low German kinsmen. England seems now to have rid herself of her old prejudice against beginning words with the letter p.

Bounce, punch Bonzen Puff Poffen
Brink Brink Pick Picken, to use a sharp tool
Cackle Kakelen
Cleppe, clapper Klappe Pack Pack
Costnede, cost Kosten Scrape Schrapen
Cur[1] Korre Snatch Snacken
Giggle Giggen Spat, macula Spat
Hag Hacke Squint Squinte
Hurl Horrelen Toot Toeten, blow a horn
Pig[2] Bigge
Pot Pot Tattle Tatelu

We find also in this work harlot, a vagabond, from the Welsh herlawd, a youth; the word is used by Chaucer without any bad sense. From the same Celtic source come cudgel and griddle, now first seen in English, Peoddare, a pedlar, is also found for the first time;

  1. This, as now, might express a poltroon.
  2. In Salop, the old Scandinavian gris (the Sanscrit ghrishti) isused instead of pig; hence our griskin: some curious English rimesin the Lanercost Chronicle turn on the former word.