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§ 2 . Origin and Development of the Russian Church; Christianisation of Kiev from Byzantium and Foundation of the Russian Theocracy (Caesaropapism).—Old Russian Civilisation; Church Religion and Folk-Morality.—The Cleavage in Old Russia; Byzantium and Old Russia
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§ 3 . Moscow at Third Rome; the Muscovite Theocracy religious and ethical.—The Tsar as vicegerent of God and religious Instructor of the People
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§ 4 . Orthodox Moscow seeks Help in Civilisation from Catholic and Protestant Europe.—Ecclesiastical Reform in Russia and the Development of the Raskol
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§ 5 . Practical Needs likewise impel Moscow towards Reform and towards Europeanisation.—The Concept of Europeanisation
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Chapter Two: Peter's Reforms. The Linking up of Russia with Europe.
§ 6 . Peter's Reforms mainly practical in Character
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§ 7 . Scientific and social Reforms
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§ 8 . Russia becomes a European great Power and a World Power, the Muscovite State being transformed into an absolutist State upon the European Model
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§ 9 . Peter's ecclesiastical Reforms; the Patriarchate is replaced by the Synod.—The Synon uncanonical.—Definitive Subordination of the Church to the State.—Influence of Protestantism and Catholicism during Peter's Reign.—The Raskolniki
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§ 10 . Theocratic Muscovy secularised by Peter
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§ 11 . Consolidation of tsarist Absolutism.—Progressive Europeanisation and Asiatisation
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§ 12 . Catherine II's enlightened Despotism
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§ 13 . The Philosophy of the Enlightenment and humanitarian Ideals in Russia.—Preponderant Influence of France; Voltairism and Mysticism.—Freemasonry.—The Problem of Serfdom
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§ 14 . First Formulation of the historical and philosophical Contrast between Old and New Russia
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Chapter Three: Theocratic Reaction after the French Revolution; Its Defeat before Sevastopol. Opening of the Political and Philosophical Revolution (Catherine II—Nicholas I).
§ 15 . Reaction against the French Revolution under Paul I and Alexander I.—Futile Attempts to establish constitutional Government; Speranskii and Karamzin.—Movement for and against the Liberation of the Peasantry.—Alexander as Head of the Holy Alliance; theocratic Reaction; the Regime of Arakčeev and Photius
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§ 16 . Organisation of the political Opposition in secret Societies; the decabrist Rising; Pestel
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