succeed in obtaining it, took possession of a part of Hami—a province which was included in his brother's dominions.[1] Afterwards he allied himself with the "Wa-la" (the Oirát or Kalmáks), and with their assistance attacked Shah Khan.
No date for this last event is given, nor is the result of the attack mentioned; it is not clear, therefore, whether he gained the throne by force, or by what means. All that is vouchsafed is that Shah Khan died in 1570, and was succeeded on "the throne of Tulufan" (Turfán) by Ma-hei-ma, when three other brothers revolted against him. One of these was named So-fei (Sufi), of whom it is recorded that he "aspired to the crown," called himself Su-tan (Sultan), and that he sent an embassy to China.[2]
As the Khans and their descendants tottered to their fall, the Kirghiz began to descend into the lowlands of Alti-Shahr and interfere, directly, in the affairs of their old opponents. They were, in some cases, the supporters of influential priests, or Khwájas, who were rapidly acquiring an influence that was to gain for them the sovereign power in the country; but without attempting here to follow all the gradual changes that brought about the establishment of these new rulers, it may be said generally, that before the middle of the seventeenth century, the priests and saintly teachers, spoken of above, had acquired so great an authority, that the governing power of the country was rapidly passing into their hands. Their ascendency was the direct result of the encouragement they had received, for some generations past, from the superstitious Khans and Amirs of all the surrounding countries, and it is hardly a matter for surprise that their power, as a class, should develop, or if, when the authority of the dynastic chiefs in Eastern Turkistan was decaying, they should take advantage of the situation to build up a government of their own. As Khwájas, or reputed descendants of the Prophet, their lineage was undeniable, and ranked, in the estimation of Musulman zealots, far in advance of that of any of the Khans or Sultans who held the secular power.
- ↑ Hami remained dependent on Turfan till the year 1696, when, according to the Chinese annals of the present dynasty, the chief of the province, named Beg Abdullah, acknowledged the supremacy of the Emperor Kang-hi (Med. Researches, ii., p. 182).
- ↑ Ib. ii., p. 198. 1f the dates are correct, this Sufi cannot be the personage of that name mentioned in the list of Ahmad Rázi, as fifth son of Rashid; for the Sufi of the list is reported to have died only a short time after his father—i.e., shortly after 1566.
