ARCHITECTURE OF SCOTLAND Xlll CONTENTS SECOND PERIOD 1300-1400. PAGE Complete change in style of castles after War of Independence Country exhausted Bruce's policy A strong tower all that was required for a residence The Norman keep formed the model Fourteenth-century towers described Found too limited -Accommodation increased by adding a wing, forming the L plan Difficulty of fixing date Courtyards Buildings erected round walls at late date Mode of develop- ment of plans of Scottish castles, . . . . . .143 Descriptions of the following examples : 1st, Simple Towers Lochleven Castle, . . Kinross-shire, . . .146 Drum Castle, . . . Aberdeenshire, . . .150 Alloa Tower, . . . Clackmannanshire, . . 155 Hallforest, .... Aberdeenshire, . . .157 Threave Castle, . . . Kirkcudbrightshire, . . 157 Dundonald Castle, . . Ayrshire, . . . .167 Torthorwald Castle, . . Drumfriesshire, . . .175 Clackmannan Tower, . . Clackmannanshire, . . 178 Neidpath Castle, . . . Peeblesshire, . . .183 2d, Keeps extended into Courtyards Craigmillar Castle, . . Midlothian, . . . .189 Castle Campbell, . . . Clackmannanshire, . . 202 Crichton Castle, . . . Midlothian 209 Comparison of Scottish castles of this period with those of France and England The keep plan universal in Scotland, . . 221 THIRD PERIOD 1400-1542. About 1400 a few castles built on courtyard plan During reigns of the five Jameses large castles all on this plan Keeps retained, but of larger dimensions than those of Second Period, as in France Courtyard plan described Defensive features gradually become more domestic -Old keep plan also still retained, and some keeps converted into castles surrounding a courtyard Keep plans similar to those of Second Period L plan becomes common, with tower in re- entering angle Abundance of wall chambers The pit or prison The defences described Parapets and bartizans
