—secondarily, to laugh, because of the curling motion of the mouth in laughter."
Governor Ramsey says that Le Sueur in 1700 first explored the Minnesota, part way, looking for copper, etc. He was the first Indian trader there, too, and his journal describes the Dakotas accurately. Carver was there in 1775, Cass in 1820, and Schoolcraft in 1832. Since then Nicollet and Fremont, Long and Keating and Pike,—the latter perhaps in 1802. Neill says: "Allouez in 1665 first mentions 'the great Messipi.' Hennepin ascended it in 1680, but Marquette had, seven years before, descended from Wisconsin. Hennepin calls the lake, 'Lake of Tears.' Le Sueur first mentions the lead mines at Galena. William Morison claims to have discovered Lake Itasca in 1804, long before Schoolcraft," etc.
In the Historical Collections of Minnesota for 1860 they mention Long's voyage in July, 1817, now first published at Philadelphia. He calls the bluffs above Prairie du Chien and elsewhere four or five hundred feet high. "The bluffs are generally between four and five hundred feet, cut with numer-
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