BOOK II. SUMMARY. In the Second Book, having proposed for discussion the [opinions] of Era- tosthenes, he examines and refutes whatever that writer may have incor- rectly said, determined, or laid down. He likewise brings forward many statements of Hipparchus, which he disproves, and finishes with a short exposition or synopsis of the whole subject, namely, geographical know- ledge. CHAPTER I. 1. IN the Third Book of his Geography Eratosthenes furnishes us with a chart of the habitable earth. This he divides into two portions, by a line running from east to west parallel to the equator. He makes the Pillars of Hercules the boundary of this line to the west, and to the east the farthest ridges of those mountains which bound India on the north. From the Pillars he draws ihe line through the Strait of Sicily, 1 and the southern extremities of Peloponnesus and Attica, tqjlh^des and the Gulf of Issus. 2 He says, " Through the whole of this distance the line mentioned is drawn across the sea 3 and ad- jacent continents ; the whole length of the Mediterranean as far_asjCilicia extending in that direction. Thence it runs nearly in a straight line along the whjp chain nf the Taurus to India. The Taurus continuing in a straight line from the "Pillars divides Asia through its whole length into two halves, So that both the Taurus and the sea from ^ the Pillars hither 4 lie under the parallel of Athens." 2. He then declares that the ancient geographical chart wants revision ; that in it the eastern portion of the Taurus 1 The Strait of Messina. 2 The Gulf of Aias. The town of Ai'as has replaced Issus, at the eastern extremity of the Mediterranean. 3 The Mediterranean. 4 That is, the Mediterranean on the coast of Syria.
