234 STRABO. CASAUB. 156. them both of generosity of manners and of courtesy. At the present time, however, they suffer less from this both on account of their being at peace and the intermixture of Romans. Wherever these [influences] are not so much ex- perienced people are harsher and more savage. It is probable that this ruggedness of character is increased by the barren- ness of the mountains and some of the places which they inhabit. At the present day, as I have remarked, all warfare is put an end to, Augustus Csesar having subdued the Can- tabrians l and the neighbouring nations, amongst whom the system of pillage was mainly carried on in our day. So that at the present time, instead of plundering the allies of the Romans, the Coniaci and those who dwell by the sources of the Ebro, 2 with the exception of the Tuisi, 3 bear arms for the Romans. Tiberius, who succeeded Augustus Caesar, carried out his intention of placing a military force of three legions in these parts, by which means he has not only pre- served peace, but introduced amongst some of them a civil polity. CHAPTER IV. 1. WHAT remains [to be described] of Iberia, is the sea- coast of the Mediterranean from the Pillars to the Pyrenees, and the whole of the inland country which lies above. The breadth of this is irregular, its length a little above 4000 stadia. It has been remarked that the sea-coast 4 is above 2000 stadia, and they say that from Mount Calpe, 5 which is near the Pillars, to New Carthage, 6 there are 2200 stadia. This coast is inhabited by the Bastetani, also called the Bas- tuli, and in part by the Oretani. Thence 7 to the Ebro the distance is nearly as great. This [region] is inhabited by the ^detani. On this side the Ebro to the Pyrenees and the TrophieToF Pompey there are 1600 stadia. It is peopled by 1 Inhabitants of Biscay. 2 Iberus. 3 rrXrjv Towiffot : these words are manifestly corrupt, but none of the various conjectural readings seem at all probable. 4 From the Pillars to the Sacred Promontory, or Cape St. Vincent. 5 The rock of Gibraltar. 6 Carthagena. 7 Viz. from Carthagena.
