B. in. c. iv. $ 12, 13. SPAIN. 243 man. These are mainly possessed by the Kerretani, a people of the Iberians. The hams they cure are excellent, fully equal to those of the Cantabrians, l and they realize no incon- siderable profit to the inhabitants. 12. Immediately after passing Idubeda, you enter on Kel- tiberia, a large and irregular country. It is for the most part rugged, and watered by rivers, being traversed by the Guadiana, 2 the Tagus, and many other of the rivers which flow into the western sea, but have their sources in Keltiberia. Of their number is the Douro, which flows by Numantia 3 and Serguntia. The Guadalquiver 4 rises in Orospeda, and after passing through Oretania, enters Bostica. The Berones inhabit the districts north of the Keltiberians, and are neighbours of the Conish Cantabrians. They likewise had their origin in the Keltic expedition. Their city is Varia, 5 situated near to the passage of the Ebro. They are adjacent to the Bardyitse, now called the Bardyli. 6 To the west [of the Keltiberians] are certain of the Astures, Gallicians, and Vaccaei, besides Vettones and Carpetani. On the south are the Oretani, and the other inhabitants of Orospeda, both Bastetani and Edetani, 7 and to the east is Idubeda. 13. Of the four divisions into which the Keltiberians are separated, the most powerful are the Aruaci, situated to the east and south, near to the Carpetani and the sources of the Tagus. Their most renowned city is Numantia. They showed their valour in the war of twenty: years, waged by the Keltiberians against the Romans ; for many armies of the Romanytogether with their generals, were destroyed ; and in the~end the Numantians, besieged within their city, endured the famine with constancy, till, reduced to a very small num- ber, they were compelled to surrender the place. The Lusones are also situated to the east, and likewise border on the sources of the Tagus. Segeda and Pallantia 8 are cities of the Aru- 1 People of Biscay. 2 The ancient Anas. 3 The ruins of Numantiaare seen a little to the north of Soria. 4 Baetis. 5 Probably the small village of Varea, about half a league from Lo- groiio ; D'Anville supposes it to be Logrono itself. 6 Aliter Bardyali. 7 Kramer has altered the text into 'ESrjTavCJv, all MSS. having SiTra- v&v. There is little doubt they are the same people mentioned in section 14 as Sidetani. 8 Palencia. K 2
