B. v. c. iv. $ 4. ITALY. CAMPANIA. 361 panic, and occasionally a fourth time with vegetables. It is likewise from hence that the Romans procure their finest wines, the Falernian, the Statanian, and the Calenian. That of Surrentum l is now esteemed equal to these, it having been lately discovered that it can be kept to ripen. In addition to this, the whole country round Venafrum, bordering on the plains, is rich in olives. 4. The maritime cities [of Campania], after Sinuessa, are Liternum, 2 where is the sepulchral monument of the first of the two Scipios, surnamed Africanus ; it was here that he passed the last days of his life, having abandoned public affairs in disgust at the intrigues of certain opponents. A river of the same name 3 flows by this city. In like manner the Vulturnus bears the same name as the city 4 founded on it, which comes next in order : this river flows through Venafrum 5 and the midst of Campania. After these [cities] comes Cumre, 6 the most ancient settlement 1 "of the Chalcidenses and Cumaeans, for it is the oldest of all [the Greek cities] in Sicily or Italy. The leaders of the expedition, Hippocles the Cumasan and Megasthenes of Chalcis, having mutually agreed that one of the nations should have the management of the colony, and the other the honour of conferring upon it its own name. Hence at the present day it is named Cumae, while at the same time it is said to have been founded by the Chalcidenses. At first this city was highly prosperous, as well as the Phlegraean 8 plain, which mythology has made the scene of the adventures of the giants, for no other reason, as it appears, than because the fertility of the country had given rise to battles for its pos- session. Afterwards, however, the Campanians becoming masters 9 of the city, inflicted much injustice on the inhabit- 1 Sorrento. 2 Torre di Patria. 3 Liternus. * Vulturnum. 6 Venafro.
- KV/IT/. The Greeks gave a singular form to this name of the ancient
seat of the Sibyl. Her chamber, which was hewn out of the solid rock, was destroyed when the fortress of Cumae was besieged by Narses, who undermined it. 7 Eusebius states that it was founded 1050 B. c., a few years before the great migration of the lonians into Asia Minor. 9 We may observe that Strabo seems not to have restricted the 4>Xeypaiov irtfiiov to that which modern geographers term the Phlegraean plains, which are contained between Cumae and the hills bordering the Lake Agnano, a little beyond Pozzuolo, but, like Pliny, to have extended it to the whole region, at present termed Terra di Lavoro. 8 A note in the French translation observes, that Diodorus Siculus
