366 STRABO. CASAUB. 246. thenope, one of the sirens, and a gymnastic sport is celebrated by command of an oracle. In course of time the inhabitants, having disagreed amongst themselves, admitted certain Cam- panians ; thus being forced to regard in the light of friends those most inimical to them, since their friends were hostile. This is proved by the names of their demarchi, the earlier of which are Grecian, but the latter a mixture of Campanian with the Grecian names. Many traces of Grecian institution are still preserved, the gymnasia, the ephebeia, 1 the fratrias, 2 and the Grecian names of people who are Roman citizens. At the present time they celebrate, every fifth year, public games for music and gymnastic exercises during many days, which rival the most famous games of Greece. There is here a subterranean passage, similar to that at Cumae, 3 extending for many stadia along the mountain, 4 between Dicsearchia 5 and Neapolis : it is sufficiently broad to let car- riages pass each other, and light is admitted from the surface of the mountain, by means of numerous apertures cut through a great depth. 6 Naples also has hot springs and baths not at all inferior in quality to those at Baiae, but much less frequented, for another city has arisen there, not less than Diccearchia, one palace after another having been built. Naples still pre- serves the Grecian mode of life, owing to those who retire hither from Rome for the sake of repose, after a life of labour from childhood, and to those whose age or weakness demands relaxation. Besides these, Romans who find attractions in this style of life, and observe the numbers of persons dwelling there, are attracted by the place, and make it their abode. 8. Following this is the fortress of Heraclseum, 7 built upon 1 Places of exercise for youth. 2 Societies. 3 Grotta di Pausilipo. 4 Pausilypus mons was the name of the ridge of hills which separates the bay of Naples from that of Pozzuoli. This was probably given to it on account of its delightful situation and aspect, which rendered it the favourite residence of several noble and wealthy Romans. 5 Puteoli. 6 Seneca, in describing the Crypta Neapolitana, as it was then called, gives an exaggerated account of the sombre horrors of the place. Perhaps in his time the apertures had become obstructed, which was evidently not the case at the time when Strabo, or the authority whom he follows, visited the place. 7 Hercolano, or Herculaneum, by Cicero (to Atticus, vii. 3) called Herculanum. It is probable that the subversion of this town was not
