CHAP. ii. 12. INTRODUCTION. 33 makes Ulysses wander to Sicily or Italy, and also of those who denied this. The truth is, he may be equally interpreted on this subject either way, according as we take a correct or in- correct view of the case. Correct, if we understand that he was convinced of the reality of Ulysses' wanderings there, and taking this truth as a foundation, raised thereon a poet- ical superstructure. And so far this description of him is right ; for not about Italy only, but to the farthest extremities of Spain, traces of his wanderings and those of similar adven- turers may still be found. Incorrect, if the scene-painting is received as fact, his Ocean, and Hades, the oxen of the sun, his hospitable reception by the goddesses, the metamorphoses, the gigantic size of the Cyclopa? and Lasstrygonians, the mon- strous appearance of Scylla, the distance of the voyage, and other similar particulars, all alike manifestly fabulous. It is as idle to waste words with a person who thus openly maligns our poet, as it would be with one who should assert as true all the particulars of Ulysses' return to Ithaca, 1 the slaughter of the suitors, and the pitched battle between him and the Ithacans in the field. But nothing can be said against the man who understands the words of the poet in a rational way. 12. Eratosthenes, though on no sufficient grounds for so doing, rejects both these opinions, endeavouring in his attack on the latter, to refute by lengthened arguments what is mani- festly absurd and unworthy of consideration, and in regard to the former, maintaining a poet to be a mere gossip, to whose worth an acquaintance with science or geography could not add in the least degree : since the scenes of certain of Homer's fables are cast in actual localities, as Ilium, 2 Pelion, 3 and Ida; 4 others in purely imaginary regions, such as those of the Gor- gons and Geryon. " Of this latter class," he says, " are the places mentioned in the wanderings of Ulysses, and those who pretend that they are not mere fabrications of the poet, but 1 There is some doubt as to the modern name of the island of Ithaca. D'Anville supposes it to be the island of Thiaki, between the island of Cephalonia and Acarnania, while Wheeler and others, who object to this island as being too large to answer the description of Ithaca given by Strabo, identify it with the little isle of Ithaco, between Thiaki and the main-land. 2 A name of the city of Troy, from Ilus, son of Tros. 3 A mountain of Magnesia in Thessaly. 4 A mountain in the Troad. VOL. I. D
