314 STRABO. CASAUB. 562. torix, Marmolitis, Sanisene, and Potamia. There was also a Cimiatene, in which was Cimiata, a strong fortress situated at the foot of the mountainous range of the Olgassys. Mi- thridates, surnamed Ctistes, (or the Founder,) made it his head-quarters when engaged in the conquest of Pontus, and his successors kept possession of it to the time of Mithridates Eupator. The last king of Paphlagonia was Deiotarus, 1 son of Castor, and surnamed Philadelphus, who possessed Gangra, 2 containing the palace of Morzeus, a small town, and a fortress. 42. Eudoxus, without defining the spot, says, that fossil fish 3 are found in Paphlagonia in dry ground, and in marshy ground also about the lake Ascanius, 4 which is below Cius, but he gives no clear information on the subject. We have described Paphlagonia bordering upon Pontus ; and as the Bithynians border upon the Paphlagonians to- wards the west, we shall endeavour to describe this region also. We shall then set out again from the Bithynians and the Paphlagonians, and describe the parts of the country next to these nations lying towards the south ; they extend as far as the Taurus, and are parallel to Pontus and Cappadocia ; for some order and division of this kind are suggested by the nature of the places. CHAPTER IV. 1. BITHYNIA is bounded on the east by the Paphlagonians' Mariandyni, and by some tribes of the Epicteti ; on the north by the line of the sea-coast of the Euxine, extending from the mouth of the Sangarius 5 to the straits at Byzantium and Chal- cedon ; on the west by the Propontis ; on the south by Mysia and Phrygia Epictetus, as it is called, which has the name also of Hellespontic Phrygia. 1 Great-grandson of Deiotarus I. 2 According to Alexander Polyhistor, the town was built by a goatherd, who had found one of his goats straying there, but this is probably a mere philological speculation, gangra signifying " a goat" in the Paphlagonian language. In ecclesiastical writers it is often mentioned as the metro- politan see of Paphlagonia. The orchards of this town were celebrated for their apples. Athen. iii. Smith.
- Book iv. c. i. 6. Athen. b. viii. 4 Isnik Gol.
5 Sakaria.
