B. xni. c. iv. 12 H. SARDES. 407 12. The places situated next to these towards the south, and extending to Mount Taurus, are so intermixed, that parts of Phrygia, Lydia, Caria, and Mysia running into one another are difficult to be distinguished. The Romans have contri- buted not a little to produce this confusion, by not dividing the people according to tribes, but following another principle have arranged them according to jurisdictions, in which they have appointed days for holding courts and administering justice. The Tmolus is a well compacted mass of mountain, 1 of moderate circumference, and its boundaries are within Lydia itself. The Mesogis begins, according to Theopompus, from Celoense, 2 and extends on the opposite side as far as Mycale, 3 so that Phrygians occupy one part, towards Celsenas and Apameia ; Mysians and Lydians another ; Carians and lonians a third part. So also the rivers, and particularly the Meander, are the actual boundaries of some nations, but take their course through the middle of others, rendering accurate distinction between them difficult. The same may be said of plains, which are found on each side of a mountainous range and on each side of a river. Our attention however is not required to obtain the same degree of accuracy as a surveyor, but only to give such descriptions as have been transmitted to us by our predecessors. 13. Contiguous on the east to the plain of Cayster, which lies between the Mesogis and Tmolus, is the plain Cilbianum. It is extensive, well inhabited, and fertile. Then follows the Hyrcanian plain, a name given by the Persians, who brought colonists from Hyrcania (the plain of Cyrus, in like manner, had its name from the Persians). Next is the Peltine plain, belonging to the Phrygians, and the Cillanian and the Tabe- nian plains, the latter of which contains small towns, inhabited by a mixed population of Phrygians, with a portion of Pisidi- ans. The plains have their names from the towns. 14. After crossing the Mesogis, situated between the Cari- 1 The range of mountains on the south of the Cayster, bearing various names.
- Celrenae was the citadel of Apameia Cibotus, Afuim-Kara hissar.
3 Cape Sta. Maria.
