Page:The history of Rome. Translated with the author's sanction and additions.djvu/169

but we can still recognize the fact, which was of the greatest importance as bearing upon the further development of Italy, that this reaction took a different course in Latium and in southern Etruria from that which it exhibited in the properly Tuscan and adjoining provinces.

Hellenes and Latins. Legend itself contrasts in a significant manner the Latin with the "wild Tyrrhenian," and the peaceful beach at the mouth of the Tiber with the inhospitable shores of the Volsci. This cannot mean that Greek colonization was tolerated in some of the provinces of Central Italy, but not permitted in others. Northward of Vesuvius there existed no independent Greek community at all in historical times; if Pyrgi once was such, it must have already reverted, before the period at which our tradition begins, into the hands of the Italians, or in other words of the Cærites. But in southern Etruria, in Latium, and likewise on the east coast, peaceful intercourse with foreign merchants was protected and encouraged; and such was not the case elsewhere. The position of Cære was especially remarkable. "The Cærites," Strabo, "were held in much repute among the Hellenes for their bravery and integrity, and because, powerful though they were, they abstained from robbery." It is not piracy that is thus referred to, for in this the merchant of Cære must have indulged like the rest. But Cære was a sort of free port for Phœnicians as well as Greeks. We have already mentioned the Phœnician station—subsequently called Punicum—and the two Hellenic stations of Pyrgi and Alsium. It was these ports that the Cærites refrained from robbing, and it was beyond doubt through this tolerant attitude that Cære, which possessed but a wretched roadstead and had no mines in its neighbourhood, early attained so great prosperity, and acquired, in reference to the earliest Greek commerce, an importance even greater than the cities of the Italians destined by nature as emporia at the mouths of the Tiber and Po. The cities we have just named are those which appear as holding primitive religious intercourse with Greece. The first of all barbarians to present gifts to the Olympian Zeus was the Tuscan king Arimnus, perhaps a ruler of Ariminum. Spina and Cære had their special treasuries in the temple of the Delphic Apollo, like other communities that had regular dealings with the shrine; and the sanctuary at Delphi, as well as the Cumæean oracle, are interwoven with the earliest traditions of Cære and of