assemblage of various trades. The cotton is separated from the seeds by a small rude hand-mill, or gin, turned by women.
The mill consists of two rollers of teak wood, fluted longitudinally with five or six grooves, and revolving nearly in contact. The upper roller is turned by a handle, the lower being carried along with it by means of a perpetual screw at the axis. The cotton is put in at one side, and drawn through by the revolving rollers; but the seeds, being too large to pass through the opening, are torn off and fall down on the opposite side from the cotton[1].*
- ↑ To the efforts of Eli Whitney, America is indebted for the value of her great
staple. While the invention of the cotton gin has been the chief source of the
prosperity of the Southern planter, the Northern manufacturer comes in for a
large share of the benefits derived from this most important offspring of American
ingenuity.
Eli Whitney, who may with justice be considered one of the most ingenious
and extraordinary men that ever lived, was born in Westborough, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, December 8th, 1765. His parents belonged to that respectable
class in society, who, by the labors of husbandry, manage, by uniform
industry, to provide well for a rising family,—a class from whom have risen most
of those who, in New England, have attained to high eminence and usefulness.
Although Mr. Whitney's machines have benefited the people of this country,
and the world at large, millions upon millions, yet, it is to be lamented that he
did not reap that reward which his ingenuity and industry, as well as virtuous
course of conduct so richly merited, but died much involved in debt, while thousands
who had conspired to defraud him of his just and lawful rights, were enriched
by the use of his machines.
"If we should assert," said Judge William Johnson, "that the benefits of this
invention (the Cotton gin) exceed $100,000,000, we can prove the assertion by
correct calculation."
Who is there that, like him, has given his country and the world a machine—the
product of his own skill—which has furnished a large part of its population,
from childhood to age, with a lucrative employment; by which their debts have
been paid off; their capitals increased; their lands trebled in value?
Mr. Whitney died on the 8th of January 1825, and is buried in the cemetery
of New Haven, Connecticut. His tomb is after the model of Scipio's at Rome.
It is simple and beautiful, and promises to endure for years. It bears the following
inscription.
ELI WHITNEY.
THE INVENTOR OF THE COTTON GIN.
OF USEFUL SCIENCE AND ARTS, THE EFFICIENT PATRON AND IMPROVER.
IN THE SOCIAL RELATIONS OF LIFE, A MODEL OF EXCELLENCE.
WHILE PRIVATE AFFECTION WEEPS AT HIS TOMB, HIS COUNTRY HONORS HIS MEMORY.
BORN DECEMBER 8TH, 1765.—DIED JAN. 8TH, 1825.
