Mrs. Lockwood is interested, not only in equal rights for men and women, but in temperance and labor reforms, the control of railroads and telegraphs by the Government, and in the settlement of all difficulties, national and international, by arbitration instead of war. In the summer of 1889, in company with the Rev. Amando Deyo, Mrs. Lockwood represented the Universal Peace Union at the Paris Exposition, and was there delegated to the International Congress of Peace in that city, which opened its sessions in the Salle of the Trocadero, under the patronage of the French government. She made nearly all the opening speeches, and later presented a paper in the French language on international arbitration, which was well received. In the summer of 1890 she again represented the Universal Peace Union in the International Congress in London, and here she presented a paper on "Disarmament." Before returning to the United States Mrs. Lockwood took a course of university extension lectures in the University of Oxford. She was elected for the third time to represent the Universal Peace Union, of which she was then corresponding secretary, in the International Congress of Peace, held in November, 1891, in Rome. Her subject in that gathering was "The Establishment of an International Bureau of Peace."
Mrs. Lockwood now lives in retirement in Washington, D. C, but her appearance upon a woman suffrage platform is always greeted with applause. Mrs. Lockwood has always been a student, and one of the most valuable acts of her career was when she became prime mover in the university extension course in this country.
CARRIE LANE CHAPMAN CATT.
Mrs. Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, for some years one of the most active and prominent workers for women's suffrage in the United States, was born in Ripon, Wisconsin, on the 9th of January, 1859. Her maiden name was Lane. While yet a child her parents moved to northern Iowa, where her youth was passed. In 1878 she entered as a student the scientific department of the Iowa Agriculture College, and was graduated therefrom in 1880 with the degree of D.S. She was an earnest student, and attained first rank in her class. For three years she devoted herself to teaching, first as principal of the high school in Mason City, Iowa, from which position she was soon promoted to city superintendent of schools in the same place In 1885 she became the wife of Leo Chapman, and carrying out her ideas of the wife as economic helpmate she entered into partnership with him as a joint proprietor and editor of the Mason City Republican. Within a year Mr. Chapman died. Disposing of her paper, Mrs. Chapman went to California where, for a year, she was engaged in newspaper work in San Francisco. In 1888 she entered the lecture field, and for some time spoke only in lecture courses, but the cause of women's enfranchisement soon enlisted her warmest sympathies, and she accepted a position as state lecturer for the Iowa Women's Suffrage Association. Since that time all her energies have been devoted to the cause, and her earnest, logical eloquence has won her many friends. At every convention of the national association she has been called upon as a speaker. As the work for the cause in America has expanded and the suffrage army has grown, Mrs. Catt has come to be more and more acknowledged as one of its gen-
