of Hesiod, the second including Dæmons of an evil character and disposition, the belief in which had developed naturally out of the Hesiodic conception, from the necessity of fixing the responsibility of evil deeds on supernatural beings different in nature from the purity and goodness of Deity.[1] Such a classification of supernatural beings—gods, Dæmons, and evil Dæmons—could not, of course, be rigidly maintained; the more the good Dæmons were discriminated from their evil brethren, the more they would tend to become identified with the gods of the popular tradition, and the line of demarcation between the divine and the dæmonic nature would be broken down,[2] Dæmons and gods would be identified, and the splendour and purity of the Supreme God of all would shine out more fully when contrasted with those other gods, who, after all, were only Dæmons. Such, at least, is the process
- ↑ Cf. Wolff: "Neque discrepat hac in re communis religio: multi enim dæmones mali Græcorum animos terrebant, velut Acco, Alphito, Empusa, Lamia, Mormo, sive Mormolyce," &c.—Considering the numerous references made to the subject of Dæmonology by Greek poets and philosophers from Hesiod and Empedocles downwards, with all of which, as is clear from the citations made in our text, Plutarch is perfectly familiar, Prof. Mahaffy's note on this point is a little mysterious.—"Mr. Purser points out to me that Plutarch rather popularized than originated this doctrine, and himself refers it to various older philosophers." (Mahaffy, p. 313.)—It needs no very close study of Plutarch to see for one's self that he does not claim to have originated the doctrine, and that he knows himself to be dealing with a long-standing and widespread tradition.
- ↑ For a similar process, cf. the quotation from Dr. Jackson's Treatise on Unbelief, given by Sir Walter Scott in Demonology and Witchcraft, p. 175, note: "Thus are the Fayries, from difference of events ascribed to them, divided into good and bad, when it is but one and the same malignant fiend that meddles in both."
