1874-75. Lieut. Cameron crosses equatorial Africa.
1875-94. Élisée Reclus publishes his Géographie Universelle.
1876. Albert Markham reaches 83.20° N. on the Nares expedition.
1876-77. Stanley traces the course of the Congo.
1878-82. The Pundit Krishna traces the course of the Yangtse, Pekong, and Brahmaputra.
1878-79. Nordenskiöld solves the North-East Passage along the north coast of Siberia.
1878-84. Joseph Thomson explores East-Central Africa.
1878-85. Serpa Pinto twice crosses Africa.
1879-82. The Jeannette passes through Behring Strait to the mouth of the Lena.
1880. Leigh Smith surveys south coast of Franz Josef Land.
1880-82. Bonvalot traverses the Pamirs.
1881-87. Wissmann twice crosses Africa, and discovers the left affluents of the Congo.
1883. Lockwood, on the Greely Mission, reaches 83.23° N., north cape of Greenland.
1886. Francis Garnier explores the coast of the Mekong.
1887. Younghusband travels from Pekin to Kashmir.
1887-89. Stanley conducts the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition across Africa, and discovers the Pigmies, and the Mountains of the Moon.
1888. F. Nansen crosses Greenland from east to west.
1888-89. Captain Binger traces the bend of the Niger.
1889. The brothers Grjmailo explore Chinese Turkestan.
1889-90. Bonvalot and Prince Henri d'Orléans traverse Tibet.
1890. Selous and Jameson explore Mashonaland.
1892. Peary proves Greenland an island.
1893-97. Dr. Sven Hedin explores Chinese Turkestan, Tibet, and Mongolia.
1894-95. C. E. Borchgrevink visits Antarctica.
1896. Captain Bottego explores Somaliland.
1899. Abruzzi reaches farthest north (86° 33').
1905. Roald Amundsen completes the Northwest Passage by boat.
1906. Amundsen locates the magnetic North Pole.
1908-12. V. Stefanssen proves Arctic maps wrong; discovers race of Eskimos hitherto unknown.
1909. Peary discovers the North Pole.
1911. Amundsen discovers the South Pole.
1912. Scott reaches the South Pole and perishes on his return journey.
1913. Dr. Hudson Stuck reaches the summit of Mt. McKinley.
