Brazil, discoveries in, 108; Portuguese in, 93, 132.
Britain, 25, 28, 42, 53, 57.
Bruce, James, African explorer, 154, 156.
Burgundy, kingdom of, 53.
Burke, Australian explorer, 152.
Burton, Sir Richard, explorations in Africa, 159.
Byzantium, 19. See Constantinople.
C.
Cabot, John, 120, 133.
Cabot, Sebastian, 120, 133.
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, Portuguese navigator, 93.
Cadmosto, Alvez, Venetian merchant, 88.
Cæsar, 40.
Caillié, Réné, explorations in Africa, 158.
California, discovered by Cortes, 130; becomes a part of United States, 137.
Calcutta, 92.
Calicut. See Calcutta.
Cam, Diego, Portuguese navigator, 88.
Cambyses, 36.
Canada, exploration of, 120, 133.
Canary Islands, 31.
Cano, Juan Sebastian del. See Del Cano.
Cape Bojador, 86.
Cape Branco discovered, 86.
Cape Colony, 123.
Cape of Good Hope, 90, 91.
Cape Verde discovered, 86.
Cape Verde Islands discovered, 88.
Caravan routes, 77, 78.
Carpentaria, Gulf of, 140, 142.
Carthaginians, 28, 39.
Carteret, Sir George, 134.
Cartier, Jacques, explores St. Lawrence, 120, 133.
Cathay, 64. See China.
Ceylon, 28, 55, 94.
Chad, Lake, 157, 158.
Chaldseans, 35.
Champlain, Samuel de, discoveries of, 120; settles Quebec, 134.
Chancellor, Richard, reaches Archangel, 120, 124, 169.
Chili conquered by Almegro, 131.
China, 28, 55, 63, 65, 71, 73, 96, 125.
Chinchiz Khan, founder of Mongol Empire, 63.
"Christian Topography" of Cosmas, 47.
Chronometers, perfection of, 146.
Chipangu. See Japan.
Clapperton, Lieut., explorations in Africa, 157.
"Climates" of Ptolemy, 32.
Collinson, Capt. R., Arctic explorer, 176.
Columbia River, explored, 138.
Columbus, Christopher, voyages and discoveries of, 99, 118; in Portugal, 90; and Cabral, 93.
Commerce of Middle Ages, 80; value of roads to, 64.
Compass, invention of, 59, 82; variability of, discovered by Columbus, 105.
Congo Free State, 162.
Congo River, discovered, 89; exploration of, 154, 157, 160.
Constantinople, 58; commercial importance of, 79. See Byzantium.
Cook, James, voyages of, 118, 145, 149.
Coppermine River, 137, 172.
Corsica, 39.
Cortes, Hernando, 13; conquest of Mexico, 128.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 47.
Covilham, Pedro di, Portuguese explorer, 89, 91.
Cresquez, 60.
Crozier, Arctic explorer, 174.
Crusades, 55, 63.
Cuba, Columbus in, 106.
Cuzco, Inca capital of Peru, 131,
Cynocephali, 49.
Cyprus, 18.
Cyrus the Great, 36.
Cyrus the younger, 36.
D.
Da Gama, Vasco, voyages of, 91, 94.
Danube, 23.
D'Anville's map of Australia, 140, 144.
