Pizarro, Gonzales, 131.
Plymouth Company, 133, 134.
Poland, 54.
Polar exploration, 169.
Polo, Marco, travels of, 62, 65, 79.
Polo, Nicolo and Maffeo, 65.
Pompey, 40.
Poo, Fernando, discovered, 88.
Porto Santo, 86.
Port Royal, settlement of, 134.
Portugal, commercial activity and explorations of, 84; supplanted by Dutch in East Indies, 122; explorations of Africa, 153.
Portulani, 60.
Prester, John, 73, 89, 91.
Priuli, Venetian chronicler, 92.
Ptolemy, Claudius, 28, 42, 55, 85.
Pyrrhus of Epirus, 39.
Pytheas, 25.
Q.
Quebec settled, 134.
Quiros, Pedro de, 141.
R.
Rae, Dr. J,, Arctic explorer, 174, 176, 178.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, Guiana expedition, 132; Virginia colony, 133.
Red Sea, 23.
Rhodes, Cecil, 166.
Richardson, Arctic explorer, 172, 176.
Roads, ancient and mediæval, 74; importance of, 42; Roman, 77.
Rome, 15, 28, 38, jy.
Ross, Sir James C, Arctic explorer, 171, 173, 176.
Ross, John, Arctic explorer, 170, 171.
Rubruquis. See Ruysbroek, William.
Russia, 22; exploration and settlement of Siberia, 124.
Rusticano of Pisa, 68.
Ruysbroek, William, 64.
S.
Saavedra, Alvarro de, 130.
Saghalien, La Perouse at, 140
St. Augustine, Fla., founded.
St. Brandan, Island of, 102.
St. Helena, discovery of, 94.
St. Lawrence River, discovered, 120; French settlements on, 134.
Samnites, 38.
San Salvador, Columbus on, 105.
Sardinia, 39.
Scott, Captain R. F., Antarctic explorer, 185.
Sciapodes, 46.
Scylax, 25.
Scythia, 23.
Serrao, Francisco, 111.
Sextant invented, 145, 146.
Seychelles, discovered, 94.
Shackleton, Ernest, Antarctic explorer, 185.
Siberia, exploration and settlement of, 124, 181.
Sicily, 18, 39, 58.
Sierra Leone, 25.
Sofala, 55.
Soudan, yz.
Southern Cross, 88.
Spain, 40, 54, 96.
Speke, Captain, African explorer, 159.
Spice Islands, 5. 94, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, 122, 144.
Spices, 80.
Spitzbergen, 121, 122.
Staaten Land, 143, 147.
Stanley, H. M., explorations in Africa, 154, 160, 165, 184.
Strabo, 28, 38.
Sturt, Captain, exploration in Australia, 152.
Sumatra, 55.
Swedish settlements in America, 134.
T.
Tabasco, Cacique of, his map, 129.
Tahiti, discovered, 147.
Tanganyika, Lake, discovered, 159; Livingstone at, 160.
Tartars, 46.
Tasman, Abel Janssen, explores Australia, 142.
Thule, 26, 28.
Tigris, 23, 33.
Timbuctoo, 24, 72, 157, 158.
