being novel and not easy to accomplish. Blackboard illustration with a profuse series of varied headline copies will overcome every difficulty.
In forming the letter e the up stroke must never be broken but the up stroke from a preceding letter must be continued without any angular deflection into the loop of the e as shown in the diagram (Fig. 36).
Fig. 36.
With regard to the letter o it is begun on the top and not at the side which would necessitate a lifting of the pen.
Fig. 37.
Class IV. The three members of this class
Fig. 38.
are merely adaptations of elements previously given. There is a notion abroad that, since a and cognate letters are apparently made up of the letter o and other characters, consequently a perfect o must first be written before the remaining parts of the letters (a, d, g, and q). To restrict writing to any such arbitrary and rigid laws would be to greatly discount its highest function. And besides such rules are never observed in ordinary penmanship where utility will over-ride all such limiting and cramping regula-
