Page:Timber and Timber Trees, Native and Foreign.djvu/18

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIGURE		PAGE
1.	Plank properly fixed with heart side against the beam	5
2.	Plank improperly fixed with outside against the beam	5
3 a, b.	Medullary rays, or silver grain	6
3 c.	Concentric circles, or annual layers	6
4.	Conversion of sap-wood into heart-wood	9
5.	ConversionDo. of sap-wooddo. partially completed	9
6.	Conical or tapering form of woody layers	15
7.	Pith, snake-like form of	24
8 a, b.	Heart-shake defect	28
9.	Heart-shake„ defect„ twisting form	29
10.	Heart-shake„ defect„ at right angles to each other	29
11.	Star-shake defect	30
12 a,b.	Cup-shake defect	31
13.	Defect caused by a broken brand	37
14.	Proper mode of pruning	38
15.	Rindgall defect	39
16 a, b.	British Oak, Rough, form of log	72
17 a, b.	Sided, form of logdo.	73
18.	British Oakdo. Compass, form of logdo.	74
19.	British Oakdo. Compass, form of logdo.	74
20 a, b.	French Oak, mode of hewing	79
21 a, b.	Italian Oak, compass form of log	86
22.	Riga Oak, semicircular, compass form of logdo.	96
23.	African Oak, irregular, compass form of logdo.	146
24.	Spanish Mahogany, general, compass form of logdo.	170
25.	Jarrah, mode of flitching	193
26 a, b.	English Elm, rough, form of log	223
27.	Canada Rock Elm, defective annual layers	226
28 a., b.	Canada Red Pine, mode of hewing	272
29.	Canada Yellow Pine. mode of hewing„	277
30.	Yellow Pine.„ Section showing seven pieces taken across the full breadth of the tree	279
31.	Canada Yellow Pine. Section showing eight pieces, taken across the full breadth of the treedo.	282
32 a, b, c.	American Pitch Pine. Section and twelve lengths of the inner and outer layers	288
33.	New Zealand Kaurie. Section showing four pieces taken from one side, and two pieces from the other side of pith	298
34.	New Zealand Kaurie. Section, and butt, middle, and top lengths, three on each side of the pith	300