one need not waste Nature's wealth, nor spend what
has cost great labour to produce, nor do what brings
evident harm to one's self and to others. But to produce
tobacco, wine, hashish, and opium, the labour of
millions of men is spent, and millions and millions
of acres of the best land (often amid a population that
is short of land) are employed to grow potatoes, hemp,
poppies, vines, and tobacco. Moreover, the use of
these evidently harmful things produces terrible evils
known and admitted by everyone, and destroys more
people than all wars and contagious diseases added
together. And people know this, so that it cannot be
that they use these things ^to while away time,' ' to be
cheerful,' or because 'everybody does it.'
There must be some other reason. Continually and everywhere one meets people who love their children and are ready to make all kinds of sacrifices for them, but who yet spend on vodka, wine and beer, or on opium, hashish, and even on tobacco, as much as would quite suffice to feed their hungry and poverty-stricken children, or at least as much as would suffice to save them from misery. Evidently, if a man who has to choose between the want and sufferings of a family he loves, on the one hand, and abstinence from stupefying things on the other, chooses the former — he must be induced thereto by something more potent than the consideration that 'everybody does it,' or that it is pleasant. Evidently it is done not 'to while away time,' nor merely 'to be cheerful,' but he is actuated by some more powerful cause.
This cause — as far as I have detected it by reading about this subject and by observing other people, and particularly by observing my own case when I used to drink wine and smoke tobacco — this cause, I think, may be explained as follows :
VVlien observing his own life, a man may often notice in himself two different beings : the one is blind and physical, the other sees and is spiritual. The blind animal being eats, drinks, rests, sleeps, propagates, and moves, like a wound-up machine. The seeing,
