In α gracilis the large prickles are somewhat falcate; this is all the difference I can observe in the plants growing between Keswick and Lorton, from which Woods drew up his specific character, and β Sabini the variety found in Heaton Dene. We have not the elegant white variety with red glands, abundant in Ennerdale. With γ involuta, I am acquainted by specimens and plants procured on the shores of Arran by the late Mr. G. Don. It is merely a dwarf variety from growing on the sands of the sea coast, as is the case with Rosa spinossissima and its petals are occasionally involute, which in dry situations happens to most other roses.
4. R. villosa. Soft-leaved round-fruited Rose.
Fruit globose, half as long as the segments of the calyx, bristly as well as the flower-stalks. Prickles of the stem straight. Leaflets elliptic, ovate, downy on both sides. Calyx permanent.
R. villosa, Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 189; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed. No. 5 App.; Hook. Br. Fl. 230; With. iii. 612; Var. 2, Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 311; R. villosa, β Fl. Brit. ii. 538; R. mollis, Eng. Bot. t. ii. 459; Winch, Geog. of Plants, 1st ed., 42; Lindley, Br. Syn. 100; R. tomentosa, Lindley, Mon. 77; Hook. Fl: Scot. 156; R. villosa β, mollissima, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1070.
Very common about Newcastle, in hedges and woods. When this shrub grows on a sterile soil, or in a bleak exposed situation, it assumes the stunted habit and full red flower, as delineated in Eng. Bot. t. ii. 459. The fruit varies from smoothness to a considerable degree of roughness. Rosa villosa, of Dr. Swartz
and other foreign botanists, is the Apple Rose of our gardens, which I believe is not indigenous in Britain. Its fruit is very large, and leaves pointed.
5. R. tomentosa. Downy-leaved Dog Rose.
Fruit ovate, bristly as well as the flower stalks. Prickles of the stem slightly curved. Leaflets doubly serrated, ovate, downy on both sides. Divisions of the calyx permanent.
Eng. Bot. t. 990; Fl. Brit. ii. 539; With. iii. 615; Woods, Linn. Tr. xii. 197; Lindley, Mon. 27; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 383; Berwick Flora, 111; Winch, Geog. PI. 2nd ed., No. 6 App.; Hook. Br. Fl. 231.
Flowers bright red, paler at the base.
In woods and hedges about Newcastle, by no means rare.
6. R. scabriuscula. Rough-leaved Dog Rose.
Fruit, roundish, ovate, bristly as well as the flower stalks. Prickles awl-shaped, as well as the flower stalks. Leaflets doubly serrated, elliptical, with minute hairs. Divisions of the calyx permanent.
Eng. Bot. t. 1896; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 193; Sm. Compend. 78; With. iii. 615; Berwick Flora, 111; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 7, App.; R. tomentosa α? Hook. Br. Fl. 231; R. tomentosa β, Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 383.
Fruit red. Bristles on the fruit and flower-stalks ending in minute glands; but there is a variety with smooth fruit. Leaflets are more pointed than represented in Eng. Bot. and covered with
a hoary, velvety down.
In hedges near Benwell (1797), Paradise, Scotswood, Fenham, Jesmond, Ponteland, and Heaton Dene, N. Near Ravensworth, the High and Low Team, and Tanfield, D. Near Wallington.—W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the banks of Tweed, above the Union Bridge, and in hedges near Berwick, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.
The buds are peculiarly handsome when sufficiently expanded to shew the bright red tints with which the outer edge of the snow-white petals is marked. Probably Sir J.E. SMITH is right in considering this rose a variety of Rosa tomentosa; but I shall let it stand as a species, till the contrary be proved by sowing its seeds.
7. R. Eglanteria. Sweet Briar.
Fruit ob-ovate, bristly as well as the flower-stalks. Leaves doubly serrated. Prickles of the stem hooked, clothed beneath with rusty-coloured glands. Segments of the calyx deciduous.
Huds. Fl. Ang. 218; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 206; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 8, App.; R. rubiginosa, Eng. Bot. 991; Fl. Brit. ii. 540; With. iii. 616; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 385; Lindley,
Mon. 86; Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; Gr. Fl. Eds. 113; Hook. Br. Fl. 234; Berwick Flora, 112.
Flower pale red, fruit scarlet.
ln hedges near the Friar's Goose and Hebburn Hall, also on rocks below Westoe, D. In Rocoe Lane near Monkwearmouth. — Rev. J. Symons. Near High Conniscliffe.—Mr. Janson. In Raby Park, D.—Mr. J. Backhouse. On the edge of the military road by the twelfth mile stone, also on the north side of the Coquet at Warkworth, almost opposite the church, N.—Wallis, 143. Naturalized about
Scremmerston and Broom House.—Dr. G. Johnston.
8. R. Borreri. Downy-stalked Dog Rose.
Fruit ovate, smooth. Flower-stalks villous, somewhat bristly, clustered. Prickles of the stem hooked. Leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, slightly hairy beneath. Foot-stalks very downy.
Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 210; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 9, App.; R. dumetorum, Eng. Bot. t. 2579; Sm. Compend. 79; With. iii. 618; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 388; R. inodora, Hook. Br. Fl. 233; R. rubiginosa inodora, Hook. Fl. Lond. t. 117.
ς Lindley Mon. 88.
Fruit scarlet, ovate. Petals pale pink, yellowish at the base.
In a hedge on Friar's Goose Quay, probably brought with ballast from the south of England.
This rose is accurately delineated in the English Botany, but the calyx remains long on the fruit. Like Rosa canina, it frequently throws out long leading shoots, which soon overtop the bunches of flowers. In all likelihood Lindley was not in error in making it a variety of the Eglantine.
9. R. dumetorum. Thicket Rose.
Fruit elliptical, smooth, as tall as the bracteas. Flower-stalks aggregate, slightly hairy. Calyx pinnate. Prickles numerous, scattered, hooked. Leaves simply serrated, hairy on both sides.
Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 217; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 392; Lam. and De Cand. Fl. Fr. iv. 534; Eng. Bot. 2610; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed., No. 11, App; R. caesia, Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 389; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 212; Eng. Bot. 2367; Hook. Br. Fl. 239; R. canina ζ, Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; R. bractescens, Woods, Linn. Trans. xii. 216; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 391.VOL. II. K
