Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 375; Eng. Bot.575; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 53; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; With, iii 904.
On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.
2. H. radicata. Long Rooted Cat's-ear.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 376; Eng. Bot. 831; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 52; With. iii. 905; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; Berwick Flora, 176.
On cultivated and waste ground, common.
315. LAPSANA.
1. L. communis. Nipple-wort.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 377; Eng. Bot. 844; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; Berwick Flora, 176.
Under hedges and on waste ground, common.
316. CICHORIUM.
1. C. Intybus. Wild Succory.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 379; Eng. Bot. 539; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 56; Woodv. Supp. 248; Gr. Fl. Eds. 171; With. iii. 906; Berwick Flora, 177.
By no means common in the north. On the ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, in fields near Sunderland, Milkhouse Bourn, and near Murton House, D. Near Wynyard and Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Near Snipperley, D.—Rev. J. Symons. By the Tweed opposite Spring Gardens. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In Linden Dene. — C. W. Bigge, Esq., Sp. On Alnwick Moor. — Miss Forster, delin. On the borders of corn fields about Willington and Howdon Pans, N. The Blue flowered Mountain Sonchus or Sow-thistle. — Wallis, 186.
317. ARCTIUM.
1. A. Lappa. Burdock, Clot-bur.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 380; Eng. Bot. 1228; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 55; Woodv. t. 15; Hook. Fl. Scot. 235; Berwick Flora, 177.
β A. Bardana, Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 381; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1632; Berwick Flora, 177; Eng. Bot. 2478; A. Lappa β, Hook. Fl. Scot. 235.
α and β By way sides and on waste ground, not rare. The variety β differs from α by a cobweb-like down on its calyx.
318. SERRATULA.
1. S. tinctoria. Common Saw-wort.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 382; Eng. Bot. 38; With. iii. 909; Hook. Fl. Scot. 235.
On Cleadon Hills, on the sea coast near Whitburn, on hedge banks near Hilton Ferry, at Hamsterley, and near Winch Bridge, Teesdale, D. Near Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq. In fields near Walker, N. At West Dipton near Hexham, N. — Wallis, 190.
319. CARDUUS.
1. C. nutans. Musk Thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 384; Eng. Bot. 1112; Gr. Fl. Eds. 171; With. iii. 913; Wilson, Svn. 54; Berwick Flora, 178; Hook. Eng. Fl. 349.
On waste ground and in fallow fields, not rare.
2. C. acanthoides. Curled, or Welted Thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 385; Eng. Bot. 973; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 911; Berwick Flora, 178.
By road sides, commonly west of Newcastle, N. and D.
3. C. tenuiflorus. Slender-flowered Thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 385; Eng. Bot. 412; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi.t. 55; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 912; Berwick Flora, 178.
On the borders of fields and by road sides, not rare; but most abundant near the sea coast, N. and D.
4. C. marianus. Milk Thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 386; Eng. Bot. 976; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 54; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 915; Berwick Flora, 178.
On Holy Island opposite the rock called St. Cuthbert's Island, by Willington Bourn near Howdon Pans, in Tynemouth Castle Yard, where it was noticed by Wallis, and near Close House, N. At
Hartlepool, and on the banks of Wear at Durham. At Haughton. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On Bank Hill and other parts of the Ramparts, and on Castle Banks, Berwick. —
Dr. G. Johnston.
320. CNICUS.
1. C. lanceolatus. Spear Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 387; Hook. Fl. Scot. 236; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus lanceolatus, Eng. Bot. 107; With. iii. 912.
On waste ground, common.
2. C. palustris. Marsh Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 388; Hook. Fl. Scot. 236; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus palustris, Eng. Bot. 974; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 56; With. iii. 910.
In moist meadows and marshy places, frequent.
3. C. arvensis. Creeping Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 389; Hook. Fl. Scot. 237; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus arvensis, Eng. Bot. 975; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 57; With. iii. 914.
On cultivated land and by road sides, common; var. flore albo, at Holy Island, N.
4. C. eriophorus. Woolly-headed Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 390 • Gr. Fl. Eds. 173; Carduus eriophorus, Eng. Bot. 386; With. iii. 915.
In the lane near the Quarry at Fulwell, D. Between Pittington Hall-garth and Elemore, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse. Under the hill by the Church at Wallsend, N. — Wallis, 187.
5. C. heterophyllus. Melancholy Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 392; Gr. Fl. Eds. 173; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus heterophyllus, Eng. Bot. 675; With. iii. 917.
By the road side near Haltwhistle, in ditches north of Cambo, on the banks of Tyne at the King's Meadows, also near Allendale Town, at Shewing Shields, on the banks of Reed, and at the foot of Cheviot, N. Near Roadley and Long Witton. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Common in moist alpine woods, N. — Wallis, 186. On Teesdale Forest, in Gibside Woods, Castle Eden Dene, and near Saltwellside, and on the banks of Tyne opposite Scotswood, D.
6. C. pratensis. Meadow Plume-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 393; Hook. Fl. Scot. 237; Carduus pratensis, Eng. Bot. 177; With. iii. 916.
In Twizell House Wood. —Rev. J. Dodd, Turner and Dillwyn's Guide. There is a specimen in
