Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 62; Gr. Fl. Eds. 183; With, iii. 968; Berwick Flora, 189.
Rare in the north of England. In corn fields on Millfield Plain, N. In Tweedmouth fields. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Between Anick Grange and Corbridge, N. — Mr. F. Scott. Near Conniscliffe. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Norton, Seaton, and Stainton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. In corn fields near Berwick, but not common. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Alnwick Moor, N. — Miss Forster, delin.
4. C. Scabiosa. Greater Knapweed.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 467; Eng. Bot. 56; Gr. Fl. Eds. 183; With. iii. 971.
On the borders of fields, particularly on the Magnesian Limestone in the county of Durham.
5. C. Calcitrapa. Common Star-thistle.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 468; Eng. Bot. 125; With. iii. 971.
On the west end of St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N., where it has been naturalized for many years. On Hebburn and Jarrow ballast-hills, D.
SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.
343. CALENDULA.
1. C. arvensis. Field Marigold.
With. iii. 972; Wild. Sp. PI. iii. 2339.
Naturalized on Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.
Scarcely entitled to a place in an English Flora, though admitted by the late Dr. Withering.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
344. ORCHIS.
1. O. bifolia. Butterfly Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 9; Eng. Bot. 22; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 65; Berwick Flora, 191; With. ii. 27; Habenaria bifolia, Gr. Fl. Eds. 185.
β Ray, Syn. 380.
α In meadows at Gibside, Beamish, Medomsley, Eglestone, Witton-le-Wear, Dinsdale, and Castle Eden, D. Near Woolcoats, Rothbury, Shewing-shields, Cambo, and Wallington, N. On mountainous meadows, N.—Wallis, 228. On moors in the vicinity of Berwick, but not frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston.
β In barren pastures near Fox Hill, between Norton and Sadbergh, six miles from Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.
2. O. pyramidalis. Pyramidal Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 10; Eng. Bot. 110; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; Lond. t. 106; With. ii. 29.
In fields on the Magnesian Limestone near Houghton-le-Spring, Castle Eden, and Hartlepool; on the coast south of Sunderland, also near Whitburn, Cleadon, Fullwell, and at Rocoe Gill, D. Near
Gilsland, Haltwhistle, and Wooler, N. In the meadows on the north and north-west side of Crag Lake, under the Roman Wall, N.— Wallis, 227.
3. O. Morio. Meadow Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl.iv. 11; Eng. Bot. 2059; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 250; With. ii. 29.
On Dunstan Haughs, D., near Prudhoe, N., and in similar situations, but not common.
It does not occur in the vicinity of Berwick.
4. O. muscula. Early Purple Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 11; Eng. Bot. 631; Woodv. t. 90; Berwick Flora, 191; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 62; Hook. Fl. Scot. 250; With. ii. 30.
In woods in Northumberland and Durham, frequent, also on the coast between South Shields and Sunderland, D.
5. O. ustulata. Dwarf Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 12; Eng. Bot. 18; With. ii. 31; Hook. Lond. t. 36.
On Fulwell and Boldon Hills, on the sea coast near Marsden Cottage and Ryhope, and in pastures near the new bridge at Lambton Gate, D. At Baydales, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the east side of Cleadon Hills, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill.
6. O. albida. White Cluster-rooted Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 18; Satyrium albidum, Eng. Bot. 505; With. ii. 39; Habenaria albida, Hook. Lond. t. 107; Gr. Fl. Eds. 185.
In pastures at Shewing Shields near the Roman Wall, also near Roadley Lake, Fallowlees Bourn, and Baybridge above Blanchland, N. At the north end of Crag Close near Barwesford. — Wallis, 229. In a field between Cambo and the Close Houses, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. Near Winch Bridge, and between Whey Syke and Widdy Bank, also on the banks of Nucton Bourn, D.
7. O. viridis. Frog Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 20; Satyrium viride, Eng. Bot. 94; With. ii. 37; Habenaria viridis, Hook. Lond. t. 130; Fl. Scot. 252.
In meadows at Chester-le- Street, Lambton, Beamish, Urpeth, Castle Eden, Murton, Sunderland, Shincliffe, and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. Between Norton and Sadbergh, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. Near
Low Park End, Gilsland, and Blanchland, N. Near Wallington. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. At the north end of Crag Close near Barwesford. — Wallis, 229. In Hulne woods near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.
8. O. latifolia. Marsh Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 21; Eng. Bot. 2308; Berwick Flora, 192; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 65; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; With. ii. 33; β Dill. Ray's Syn. 382.
α In bogs and marshy meadows, not rare. β at Prestwick Carr, N.
Smith remarks that this variety has not been noticed since the time of Dillenius; it differs from α in having flowers of a full rose-red colour. I have gathered it in North Wales as well as in Northumberland, and am inclined to think it is not very rare, but has been overlooked by modern Botanists.
9. O. maculata. Spotted Palmate Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 22; Eng. Bot. 632; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; Lond. t. 112; With. iii. 34; Berwick Flora, 192.
In woods, meadows, and pastures, frequent.
10. O. conopsea. Aromatic Orchis.
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 23; Eng. Bot. 10; With. ii. 35; Berwick Flora, 192; Gymnadenia conopsea, Gr. Fl. Eds. 184.
In Castle Eden and Dalton Dene, and in meadows near Urpeth, Beamish, Tanfield, Witton-le-Wear,
