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These three pictures suggest a combination of timber and grafted nut trees. The crop of timber first will make tall fruiting trees which will give maximum leaf (fruiting) surface.—Fig. 95. Top. Grafted chestnut tree seventeen years old assuming pole form when competing successfully with others in coppice. Man's hand is at one graft, another is just above the handkerchief on tree in the center.—Fig. 96. Bottom Right. Chestnut tree which had practically the pole form in 1897 but developed heavy growth of lower branches below the fork in trunk in eighteen seasons after lightrobbing neighbors were removed.—Fig. 97. Bottom Left. Oak trees growing along a French roadside. Every few years the branches are cut off for firewood. Trees shaped like this and like Fig. 96 produce maximum bearing surface per unit of land, (Photos J. Russell Smith.)
