502ORD$$1E 02-10-99 16:45:47 PGT•ORD1BV (Bound Volume)
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OCTOBER TERM, 1991 November 12, 1991
502 U. S.
No. 91–6054. Bustamante v. United States. C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 946 F. 2d 903. No. 91–6067. Williams v. United States. C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 940 F. 2d 1541. No. 91–6068. Dudley v. United States. C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 940 F. 2d 1542. No. 91–6072. Samuels et al. v. United States. C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 932 F. 2d 1085. No. 91–6073. Wright v. United States. C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 932 F. 2d 868. No. 90–1628. Cummins v. United States. C. A. 8th Cir.; No. 91–5013. Trigg v. United States. C. A. 7th Cir.; and No. 91–5087. Enriquez-Nevarez v. United States. C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: No. 90–1628, 920 F. 2d 498; No. 91–5013, 925 F. 2d 1064; No. 91–5087, 931 F. 2d 890. Justice White, dissenting. In each of these cases, the petitioner has alleged that police used a traffic stop as a pretext for conducting a narcotics search. Gregory Cummins was stopped after he failed to proceed through an intersection when the traffic light turned green. 920 F. 2d 498 (CA8 1990). William Trigg was arrested for driving with a suspended license. 925 F. 2d 1064 (CA7 1991) (case below); United States v. Trigg, 878 F. 2d 1037 (CA7 1989). Mario EnriquezNevarez was pulled over after officers observed that his truck had a broken taillight. 931 F. 2d 890 (CA5 1991) (affirmance order). Each search led to the recovery of illegal drugs. The Courts of Appeals for the Eighth, Seventh, and Fifth Circuits held that, because a reasonable police officer could have made the traffic stops, the evidence produced by the searches was admissible. See also United States v. Causey, 834 F. 2d 1179 (CA5 1987) (en banc). Cf. United States v. Nersesian, 824 F. 2d 1294 (CA2), cert. denied, 484 U. S. 958 (1987); United States v. Hawkins, 811 F. 2d 210 (CA3), cert. denied, 484 U. S. 833 (1987). The petitioners contend that the evidence should have been suppressed because no reasonable police officer would have made such traffic stops, and hence the stops were pretexts to investi-
