PUBLIC LAW 101-280—MAY 4, 1990 104 STAT. 151 (C) in subparagraph (B) by striking "of the Government". (9) Subsection (i) is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: "(1) the term 'officer or employee', when used to describe the person to whom a communication is made or before whom an appearance is made, with the intent to influence, shall include— "(A) in subsections (a), (c), and (d), the President and the Vice President; and "(B) in subsection (f), the President, the Vice President, and Members of Congress;". (10) Subsection (j) is amended— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by striking "subsections (a), (c), (d), and (e)" and inserting "this section"; (ii) by striking "as an officer or employee of and inserting "on behalf of; and (iii) by striking "Government" and inserting "or the District of (Dolumbia"; (B) in paragraph (3)— (i) by striking "subsections (c), (d), and (e)" and inserting "this section"; and (ii) by striking "of which the United States is a member" and inserting "in which the United States participates, if the Secretary of State certifies in advance that such activity is in the interests of the United States"; (C) in paragraph (4)— (i) in the paragraph caption by striking "PERSONAL MATTERS AND SPECIAL" and inserting "SPECIAL"; (ii) by striking "apply to appearances" and all that follows through "subsections"; (iii) by striking "prevent a former officer or employee" and inserting "prevent an individual"; (iv) by striking "former officer's or employee's" and inserting "individual's"; and (v) by striking ", other than that regularly provided for by law or regulation for witnesses"; (D) in paragraph (5)— (i) by striking "(d), and (e)" and inserting "and (d)"; and (ii) by adding at the end the following: "For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'officer or employee' includes the Vice President."; and (E) in paragraph (6)— (i) in the first sentence by striking "a former Member" and all that follows through "employee)" and inserting "an individual"; and (ii) in the second sentence by striking "sentence, a former" and all that follows through the end of the paragraph and inserting the following: "sentence— "(A) a former officer or employee of the executive branch of the United States (including any independent agency) who is subject to the restrictions contained in subsection (a)(1) with respect to a particular matter may not, except pursuant to court order, serve as an expert witness for any other person (except the United States) in that matter; and
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