104 STAT. 2624 PUBLIC LAW 101-549—NOV. 15, 1990 deduct allowances equal to the excess tonnage from those allocated for the source for the calendar year, or succeeding years during which offsets are required, following the year in which the excess emissions occurred. Regulations. "(c) PENALTY ADJUSTMENT. —The Administrator shall, by regulation, adjust the penalty specified in subsection (a) for inflation, based on the Consumer Price Index, on the date of enactment and annually thereafter. "(d) PROHIBITION.— It shall be unlawful for the owner or operator of any source liable for a penalty and offset under this section to fail (1) to pay the penalty under subsection (a), (2) to provide, and thereafter comply with, a compliance plan as required by subsection (b), or (3) to offset excess emissions as required by subsection (b). "(e) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this title shall limit or otherwise affect the application of section 113, 114, 120, or 304 except as otherwise explicitly provided in this title. 42 USC 7651k. "SEC. 412. MONITORING, REPORTING, AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIRE- MENTS. "(a) APPLICABILITY. — The owner and operator of any source subject to this title shall be required to install and operate CEMS on each affected unit at the source, and to quality assure the data for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, opacity and volumetric flow at each such Regulations. unit. The Administrator shall, by regulations issued not later than eighteen months after enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, specify the requirements for CEMS, for any alternative monitoring system that is demonstrated as providing information with the same precision, reliability, accessibility, and timeliness as that provided by CEMS, and for recordkeeping and reporting of information from such systems. Such regulations may include limitations or the use of alternative compliance methods by units equipped with an alternative monitoring system as may be necessary to preserve the orderly functioning of the allowance system, and which will ensure the emissions reductions contemplated by this title. Where 2 or more units utilize a single stack, a separate CEMS shall not be required for each unit, and for such units the regulations shall require that the owner or operator collect sufficient information to permit reliable compliance determinations for each such unit. "(b) FIRST PHASE REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than thirty-six months after enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the owner or operator of each affected unit under section 404, including, but not limited to, units that become affected units pursuant to subsections (b) and (c) and eligible units under subsection (d), shall install and operate CEMS, quality assure the data, and keep records and reports in accordance with the regulations issued under subsection (a). "(c) SECOND PHASE REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than January 1, 1995, the owner or operator of each affected unit that has not previously met the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) shall install and operate CEMS, quality assure the data, and keep records and reports in accordance with the regulations issued under subsection (a). Upon commencement of commercial operation of each new utility unit, the unit shall comply with the requirements of subsection (a). Regulations. "(d) UNAVAILABILITY OF EMISSIONS DATA.—I f CEMS data or data from an alternative monitoring system approved by the Adminis-
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