104 STAT. 2976 PUBLIC LAW 101-594—NOV. 16, 1990 sary of the Antarctic Treaty provide opportunities for the United States to exercise leadership toward protection and sound management of Antarctica, (b) PURPOSE.— The purpose of this Act is to— (1) strengthen substantially overall environmental protection of Antarctica; (2) prohibit prospecting, exploration, and development of Antarctic mineral resources by United States citizens and other persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; (3) urge other nations to join the United States in immediately negotiating one or more new agreements to provide an indefinite ban on all Antarctic mineral resource activities and comprehensive protection for Antarctica and its associated and dependent ecosystems; and (4) urge all nations to consider a permanent ban on Antarctic mineral resource activities. 16 USC 2462. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. For the purposes of this Act: (1) The term "Antarctica" means the area south of the Antarctic Convergence as defined in section 303(1) of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention Act of 1984 (16 U.S.C. 2432). (2) The term "Antarctic mineral resource activity" means prospecting, exploration, or development in Antarctica of mineral resources, but does not include scientific research within the meaning of article III of the Antarctic Treaty, done at Washington on December 1, 1959. (3) The term "development" means any activity, including logistic support, which takes place following exploration, the purpose of which is the exploitation of specific mineral resource deposits, including processing, storage, and transport activities. (4) The term "exploration" means any activity, including logistic support, the purpose of which is the identification or evaluation of specific mineral resource deposits. The term includes exploratory drilling, dredging, and other surface or subsurface excavations required to determine the nature and size of mineral resource deposits and the feasibility of their development. (5) The term "mineral resources" means all nonliving natural nonrenewable resources, including fossil fuels, minerals, whether metallic or nonmetallic, but does not include ice, water, or snow. (6) The term "person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, or any other entity existing or organized under the laws of the United States, or any officer, employee, agent, department, or other instrumentality of the Federal Government or of any State or political subdivision thereof. (7) The term "prospecting" means any activity, including logistic support, the purpose of which is the identification of mineral resource potential for possible exploration and development.
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