105 STAT. 2592 PROCLAMATION 6307—JUNE 24, 1991 (2] grant the right to make the first public distribution of the original or each authorized sound recording by sale, rental, or otherwise except that the first sale of the original or such sound recording shall not exhaust the rental or importation right therein (the "rental right" shall mean the right to authorize or prohibit the disposal of the possession of the original or copies for direct or indirect commercial advantage]. (xi) Parties shall not subject the acquisition and validity of intellectual property rights in sound recordings to any formalities, and protection shall arise automatically upon creation of the sound recording. (b) Trademarks (i) Protectable Subject Matter (1) Trademarks shall consist of at least any sign, words, including personal names, designs, letters, numerals, colors, or the shape of goods or of their packaging, provided that the mark is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one national, company or organization from those of other nationals, companies or organizations. (2) The term "trademark" shall include service marks, collective and certification marks. (ii) Acquisition of Rights (1} A trademark right may be acquired by registration or by use. Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of trademarks. Use of a trademark may be required as a prerequisite for registration. (2) Each Party shall publish each trademark either before it is registered or promptly after it is registered and shall afford other parties a reasonable opportunity to petition to cancel the registration. In addition, each Party may afford an opportunity for the other Party to oppose the registration of a trademark. (3) The nature of the goods or services to which a trademark is to be applied shall in no case form an obstacle to registration of the trademark. (iii) Rights Conferred (1) The owner of a registered trademark shall have exclusive rights therein. He shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in commerce identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is protected, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. (2) Each Party shall refuse to register or shall cfincel the registration and prohibit use of a trademark likely to cause confusion with a trademark of another with is considered to be well-known. A Party may not require that the reputation of the frademark extend beyond the sector of the public which normally deals with the relevant goods or services. (3] The owner of a trademark shall be entitled to take action against any unauthorized use which constitutes an act of unfair competition or passing off.
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