108 STAT. 1072 PUBLIC LAW 103-272—JULY 5, 1994 Regulations. Federal Register, publication. Regulations. calculations and the information shall be published in the Federal Register. Any interested person may participate in a proceeding under this subsection. §32912. Civil penalties (a) GENERAL PENALTY.— A person that violates section 32911(a) of this title is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each violation. A separate violation occurs for each day the violation continues. (b) PENALTY FOR MANUFACTURER VIOLATIONS OF FUEL ECON- OMY STANDARDS.—Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a manufacturer that violates a standard prescribed for a model year under section 32902 of this title is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of $5 multiplied by each.1 of a mile a gallon by which the applicable average fuel economy standard under that section exceeds the average fuel economy— (1) calculated under section 32904(a)(1)(A) or (B) of this title for automobiles to which the standard applies manufactured by the manufacturer during the model year; (2) multiplied by the number of those automobiles; and (3) reduced by the credits available to the manufacturer under section 32903 of this title for the model year. (c) HIGHER PENALTY AMOUNTS.— (1)(A) The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe by regulation a higher amount for each. 1 of a mile a gallon to be used in calculating a civil penalty under subsection (b) of this section, if the Secretary decides that the increase in the penalty— (i) will result in, or substantially further, substantial energy conservation for automobiles in model years in which the increased penalty may be imposed; and (ii) will not have a substantial deleterious impact on the economy of the United States, a State, or a region of a State. (B) The amount prescribed under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph may not be more than $10 for each.1 of a mile a gallon. (C) The Secretary may make a decision under subparagraph (A)(ii) of this paragraph only when the Secretary decides that it is likely that the increase in the penalty will not— (i) cause a significant increase in unemployment in a State or a region of a State; (ii) adversely affect competition; or (iii) cause a significant increase in automobile imports. (D) A higher amount prescribed under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph is effective for the model year beginning at least 18 months after the regulation stating the higher amount becomes final. (2) The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a proposed regulation under this subsection and a statement of the basis for the regulation and provide each manufacturer of automobiles a copy of the proposed regulation and the statement. The Secretary shall provide a period of at least 45 days for written public comments on the proposed regulation. The Secretary shall submit a copy of the proposed regulation to the Federal Trade Commission and request the Commission to comment on the proposed regulation within that period. After that period, the Secretary shall give interested persons and the Commission an opportunity at a public hearing to present oral information, views, and argu-
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