123STA T . 1 4 3 9PUBLIC LA W 111 – 11 —M A R .3 0, 2009 (A)adv a nceu nde rst and i n gof ocean acidification and its phy sica l, che m ical, and b iological impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems
( B ) improve the ability to assess the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification; and ( C ) provide information for the development of adapta - tion and mitigation strategies to conserve marine orga- nisms and marine ecosystems; ( 3 ) describe specific activities, including — (A) efforts to determine user needs; (B) research activities; (C) monitoring activities; ( D ) technology and methods development; ( E ) data collection; ( F ) database development; ( G ) modeling activities; ( H ) assessment of ocean acidification impacts; and ( I ) participation in international research efforts; ( 4 ) identify relevant programs and activities of the Federal agencies that contribute to the interagency program directly and indirectly and set forth the role of each Federal agency in implementing the plan; ( 5 ) consider and utili z e, as appropriate, reports and studies conducted by Federal agencies, the N ational R esearch Council, or other entities; ( 6 )ma k e recommendations for the coordination of the ocean acidification research and monitoring activities of the U nited S tates w ith such activities of other nations and international organizations; ( 7 ) outline budget re q uirements for Federal ocean acidifica- tion research and monitoring and assessment activities to be conducted by each agency under the plan; ( 8 ) identify the monitoring systems and sampling programs currently employed in collecting data relevant to ocean acidifica- tion and prioritize additional monitoring systems that may be needed to ensure adequate data collection and monitoring of ocean acidification and its impacts; and ( 9 ) describe specific activities designed to facilitate outreach and data and information e x change with stakeholder commu- nities . (c) PROG R AM E LE ME NTS .— T he plan shall include at a minimum the following program elements
( 1 ) M onitoring of ocean chemistry and biological impacts associated with ocean acidification at selected coastal and open- ocean monitoring stations, including satellite-based monitoring to characterize— (A) marine ecosystems; (B) changes in marine productivity; and (C) changes in surface ocean chemistry. ( 2 ) Research to understand the species specific physiological responses of marine organisms to ocean acidification, impacts on marine food webs of ocean acidification, and to develop environmental and ecological indices that track marine eco- system responses to ocean acidification. (3) Modeling to predict changes in the ocean carbon cycle as a function of carbon dioxide and atmosphere-induced changes in temperature, ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, ecosystem
