3100 RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES. DECEMBER 26,1933. Who, after having exhibited their :F'ull Powers, which were found to be in good and due order, have agreed upon the following: ARTICLE 1 Qualifications of State. a The state as a person of international law should possess the follow- ing qualifications: a) a permanent population; b) a defined territory; c) government; and d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states. To constitute a sole person. Independent of rec· ognition. Juridically equal, etc. Fundamental rights. Reoognitioll; signifi· cance of. May be express or tacit. Intervention in af· fairs of another. Jurisdiction. ARTICLE 2 The federal state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of inter- national law. ARTICLE 3 The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states. Even before recognition the state has the right to defend its integrity and independence, to provide for its con- servation and prosperity, and consequently to organize itself as it sees fit, to legislate upon its interests, administer its services, and to define the jurisdiction and competence of its courts. The exercise of these rights has no other liInitation than the exercise of the rights of other states according to international law. ARTICLE 4 States are juridically equal, enjoy the same rights, and have equal capacity in their exercise. The rIghts of each one do not depend upon the power which it possesses to assure its exercise, but upon the simple fact of its existence as a person under international law. ARTICLE 5 The fundamental rights of states are not susceptible of being affect- ed in any manner whatsoever. ARTICLE 6 The recognition of a state merely signifies that the state which recognizes·it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is uncon- ditional and irrevocable. ARTICLE 7 The recognition of a state may be exprass or tacit. The latter results from any act which implies the intention of recognizing the new state. AUTICLE 8 No state has the right to intervene III the internal or external affairs of another. ARTICLE 9 The jurisdiction of states within the limits of national territory appJies to all the inhabitants. Nationals and foreigners are under the same protection of the law and the national authorities and the foreigners may not claim rights other or more extensive than those of the nationals. ARTICLE 10 Peace deemed or pri· Th' . f . h . mary interest. e pnmary mterest 0 states IS t e conservatIOn of peace. Dif- ferences of any nature which arise between them should be settled by recognized pacific methods.
