TREATIES Article 47 1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the Registrar and the President. 2. These minutes alone shall be authentic. Article 48 The Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking of evidence. Article 49 The Court may, even before thehearing begins, call upon the agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. Formal note shall be taken of any refusal. Article 50 The Court may, at any time, entrust any indi- vidual, body, bureau, commission, or other organ- ization that it may select, with the task of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion. Article 51 During the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30. Article 52 After the Court has received the proofs and evi- dence within the time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present un- less the other side consents. Article 53 1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the Court to decide in favor of its claim. [59 STAT. 2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy it- self, not only that it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also that the clanir is well founded in fact and law. Article 54 1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, counsel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare thehearing closed. 2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment. 3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret. Article 55 1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of thejudges present. 2. In the event of an equality of votes, the Pres- ident or the judge who acts in his place shall have a casing vote. Article 56 1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based. 2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken part in the decision. Article 57 If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unanimous opinion of the judges, any judgeshall be entitled todeliveraseparateopinion. Article 58 The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. Itshall be read in open court, due notice having been given to the agents. Article 59 The decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case. 1062
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