A HISTORY OF ESSEX by Alward, a free man, as i hide and 40 acres, is held of the bishop by Hugh. Then as now (semper) 2 bordars. Then 2 ploughs ; now i. Wood(land) for 10 swine, 8 acres of meadow, (and) pasture for 50 sheep. It was then worth 30 shillings ; now 40. (There were) then i rouncey (rundnus), (and) I beast (animal) ; now 2 (beasts). Then 25 swine ; now 9. Then 50 sheep ; now 48. TUROCHA [Thurrock 1 ], which Mannic, a free man, held in King Edward's time, as 2^ hides and 40 acres, is held of the bishop by Anschetil. 2 (There are) now 2 villeins. Then 3 bordars ; now 8. Then 6 serfs ; now none. Then as now (semper) I plough on the demesne, and i plough belonging to the men. (There are) 8 acres of meadow. It was then worth 3 pounds ; now 4. RENEHAM [Rainham 3 ], which was held in King Edward's time, by Alsi, a free man, as a manor and as 4 hides, is held of the bishop by Hugh. Then as now (semper) 8 villeins. Then 3 bordars; now 5. Then 4 serfs; now none. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne, and when (the manor was) received * 2 ; now none. Then and afterwards 4 3 ploughs be- longing to the men ; now 2. Then and afterwards it was worth 6 pounds ; now 40 shillings. In TUROC [Thurrock *] half a hide, which Ulwin held, is now held of the bishop by Hugh. Then I plough ; now none. Wood (land) for 5 swine, 8 acres of meadow, (and) pasture for 50 sheep. It is worth 20 shillings. ESTINFORT [Stifford] was held by Alvric, a free man, as i hide and 30 acres. Now the same Hugh holds it of the bishop. Then as now (semper) I bordar, i plough, (and) 5 acres of meadow. It is worth 30 shillings. Of this estate (terra) 15 acres are in the soke of William Peverel (piperelli) of Turoc [Thur- rock] 6 as the county (court) testifies. To the church of this manor (sic) there belong 30 acres given by (the) neighbours in almoine. 1 See p. 457, note 7, above. 2 See p. 553, note 5, below. 3 i.e. the manor of Southall there. 4 This is a good instance of the indifferent use of 'when received' and 'afterwards' to denote the intermediate stage. 6 The jurisdiction over them belong to his manor of (Grays) Thurrock (on which see p. 553 below). This passage is of value for the distinc- tion it draws between the tenure of the land and the jurisdiction over it. CRAOHU [ 6 ], which was held by Alwin, a free man, as a manor and as i hides, is held of the bishop by Hugh. Then as now (semper) I villein and I bordar. Then I plough ; now half (a one). Wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) i^ acres of meadow. Then and afterwards it was worth 50 shillings ; now 20. In ESTINFORT [Stifford] Gilbert, a man of the Bishop of Bayeux, held i hides, which are fo. as (now) held of the bishop by (Ralf) the son of Turold. Then as now (semper) 3 villeins, and 4 borders, and 2 ploughs on the demesne. It is worth 30 shillings. The Hundret (court) testifies that this hide (sic) in King Edward's time belonged to (jacuit in) Turroc [(Grays) Thurrock], a manor of William Peverel (pipere/H), save IO acres. 7 LIMPWELLA [ ] which was held by Edric, a free man, as i manor and (as) half a hide, is held of the bishop 8 by Hugh. Then i bordar ; now 2. Then i plough ; now half (a one). Wood(land) for 20 swine, (and) pasture for 20 sheep. It was then worth IO shillings; now 2O. HUNDRET OF CELMERESFORT [CHELMSFORD] HANEGHEFELDA [(South) Hanningfield] was held by Friebert in King Edward's time as i manor and as 9 hides. It is now held of the bishop by Ralf the son of Turold. 9 Then as now (semper) 3 villeins. Then 2 bordars ; now 5. Then 4 serfs ; now 8. Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 60 swine. (There are) 3 rounceys (runcini), 1 6 beasts (animalia), 32 swine. Then 117 sheep ; now 810 (sic). It was then worth IOO shillings ; now 7 pounds. In the same (vill) 14 hides were held by 23 free men, who could withdraw themselves 6 This place has not been identified, but, al- though the name is now lost, I suspect that it is the 'Crawenho' which occurs in a plea of 1234 (Bracton's Note Book, ii. 531). Its tenant is there charged by John de Beauchamp, its owner, with cutting down oaks on it and giving twenty of them to the parson of Aveley. As twenty oaks are not likely to have been sent far, the place was prob- ably near Aveley. 7 See the relative entry, under William Peverel's fief, on p. 553 below. 8 The scribe had written ' comite,' but has de- leted it and substituted ' episcopo.' 9 See p. 342 above. 458
