A HISTORY OF ESSEX Then I plough on the demesne ; now none. Then as now (semper) I villein and I bordar. And (there is) I acre of meadow. Then and afterwards it was worth 30 shillings; now 33. CLARE [Claret *] was held, in King Ed- ward's time, by Ledmar, a free man, as i hides and 35 acres. Then 5 ploughs on the demesne ; afterwards and now 3. Then as now (semper] 2 ploughs belonging to the men. Then 7 villeins ; afterwards and now 4. Afterwards and now 12 bordars. Then 10 serfs ; afterwards and now 4. (There are) 27 acres of meadow, (and) I mill. (There are) 3 rounceys (runcini), 8 beasts (animalia), 40 swine, (and) 239 sheep. To this manor be- longs now as then (semper) a detached estate (berewita), called GELDEHAM [(Little) Yeld- ham], of 2 hides and 1 8 acres ; then 3 ploughs on the demesne, (and) afterwards and now 2 ; then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging to the men ; then 8 villeins, (and) afterwards and now 6 ; afterwards and now 8 bordars ; then 8 serfs, and afterwards and now 6 ; (there are) 1 8 acres of meadow. Further (there) belong (adjacent} to this manor 7 sokemen with 35 acres of land, who have i plough. This manor was then worth 1 8 pounds ; afterwards and now 22. To this manor also Ingelric added, in King William's time, i free man, who used to have 1 5 acres and i plough ; and it is worth 10 shillings. The count holds this manor in demesne.* BELCHAM [Belchamp (Otton)] was held, in King Edward's time, by Ledmar, a free man, as i hide and 45 acres. It is now held of the count by Ulmar. 3 Then as now (semper) 1 ploughs on the demesne, and 2 ploughs be- longing to the men, and 4 villeins. Then and afterwards 4 bordars ; now 5 . Then and afterwards 4 serfs ; now 2. Wood(land) for 20 swine, (and) 8 acres of meadow. To this manor 4 belong (Jacent) 5 sokemen, 2 of 1 Claret Hall manor in Ashen. 2 It should be observed that, although the holder in King Edward's time is not said to have held this estate ' as a manor ' (fro matterio), it is styled a ' manor ' five times in the course of the entry. This may serve to illustrate further the absence of importance to be attached to the words ' pro manerio ' (see my paper on ' The Domesday Manor ' in English Hist. Rev. xv. 293-302). s In the 1 2 1 2 Survey of the Honour of Bou- logne it is entered as held by William 'films Otonis,' from whose family (on whom see p. 351 above) it derives its name. 4 Here again the omission of the words ' pro manerio' is shown to be of no consequence by this incidental mention of the estate as a manor. whom were seized (occupavit) by Ingelric in King William's time and were previously (qui tune erant) free men ; 6 and they have 35 acres of land. On the demesne (are) 9 beasts (animalia), 2 rounceys (runcini), 20 swine, (and) 100 sheep. It was then worth 40 shillings ; afterwards and now 4 pounds. BUMMESTEDA [(Steeple) Bumpstead 6 ], which was held, in King Edward's time, by i free man, as a manor and as half a hide, is held of the count by Adelolf de Merc. 7 Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; afterwards and now 2. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging to the men, 7 villeins, 1 1 bordars, (and) 4 serfs. (There are) 15 acres of meadow. (There are) i rouncey (runcinus), and 3 beasts (ammalia). And to this manor Engelric added i free man (with) 3^ acres. 8 It was then worth 4 pounds ; afterwards and now IOO shillings. fo. 39 BELCHAM [Belchamp (St. Ethelbert) ], 9 which was held, in King Edward's time, by Etnod, a free man, as half a hide and 10 acres, is held of the count by Bernard. Then as now (semper) I plough on the demesne. (There are) now 2 bordars, 2 serfs, 4 acres of meadow, i sokeman, with 20 acres, i rouncey (runcinus), (and) 4 cows. 10 Then 14 swine ; now none. Then as now (semper) 50 sheep. It is worth 30 shillings. WESTUNA [Weston n ], which was held, in King Edward's time, by i free man, as 30 acres, is held of the count by Adelolf. 12 Then as now (semper) i plough and 4 acres of meadow. It was then worth 20 shillings ; now 25. PHINCINGEFELDA [Finchingfield], which was held, in King Edward's time, by Norman as a manor and as half a hide and 10 acres, is held of the count by Guy. 6 This is a passage to be observed for its bearing on the terms ' sokemen ' and ' free men.' 6 The manor of ' Gernons ' there. 7 See p. 344 above. 8 This clause is interlined. 9 In Ovington (Morant). 10 The separate mention of cows is exceptional. 11 Entered in the 1212 survey as ' Weston juxta Clare,' probably to distinguish it from ' Weston near Beauchamp,' a Bigot manor in Foxearth. The name of the count's Weston has now disappeared from the map. 13 Adelolf de Merc (see p. 344 above). 464
