A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE
the Upper Silurian belong the Coniston grits (flags and greywacke) and Coniston flags. The Mountain limestone is abundantly exposed near Ulverston, Conishead, and Grange, near which is the precipitous headland known as Humphrey Head, long known to botanists. Rocks of Permian age occur near Dalton-in-Furness, passing north-westwards along the coast of Cumberland, and south-eastwards across Morecambe Bay to near Lancaster in V.C. 60.
The flora of this vice-county is somewhat different to that of the other two, owing to the great mass of slate which rises some 500 feet above that of the highest ground of the other two vice-counties. It is not however richer in forms. The plants of this slate region are like those of the lake mountains, but a number of the rarer plants of Cumberland are wanting in this vice-county. It is less varied geologically and of much smaller size than Cumberland, which has ground rising to over 500 feet beyond that of the highest point in Lake Lancashire, and also has considerable exposures of granite. The limestone tract is of much interest, as a considerable proportion of the plants which are more or less peculiar to that formation in west and north central England and Wales are to be found. The flowering plants of this portion of the county are well known, but the cryptogams have been neglected. The woods along the shores of Windermere will furnish a very large fungus-flora, and a wide and beautiful field is open to the student.
This vice-county is about 25 m. from N. to S. and 13 from E. to W. Besides the rivers already mentioned as forming boundaries there is the Crake, also lakes Coniston Water, Esthwaite Water, Blelham Tarn, Tarn Hows Tarn, Levers Water, Goats Water, Low Water, and Seathwaite Tarn.
LIST OF WORKS RELATING TO THE LANCASHIRE FLORA
Gerard, J., The Herball, 1597
— The Herball (ed. by T.Johnson), 1633
Merrett, C., Pinax, 1666
Ray, J., Catalogus Plantarum Angliæ (ed. 1), 1670
— Catalogus Plantarum Angliæ (ed. 2), 1677
— Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannica (ed. 1), 1690
— Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannica (ed. 2), 1696
— Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannica (ed. 3, Dillenius), 1724
Wilson John, A Synopsis of British Plants on J. Ray's Method, 1744
Hudson, W., Flora Anglica, 1762
Withering, W., Botanical Arrangement (ed. 1), 1776
— Botanical Arrangement (ed. 2, J. Stokes), 1787; and later editions down to (ed. 7) 1830
Turner and Dillwyn, Botanists' Guide, 1805
Smith. Sir J. E., Engl. Flora (1824-8) and vol. v., pt. i. by W. J. Hooker
Watson Hewitt Cotterel, New Botanical Guide, 1835-7
— Cybele Britannica, 1847-1852
— Compendium of the Cybele, 1870
— Topographical Botany (ed. 1), 1873
— Topographical Botany (ed. 2, Baker and Newbould), 1883
Hall, T. B., A Flora of Liverpool, 1839
Wood, J B., Flora Mancuniensis, 1840
Luxford, G., The Phytologtst (old ser.), 1841-8
Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, Ulverston. Plants: Furness by Aiton; Cartmel by Wilson, W., 1843
Buxton, R., Botanical Guide to Manchester, Flowering Plants, Ferns, Mosses, and Algæ found indigenous within 16 miles of Manchester. Quoted in this article as Buxton's G., 1849
Newman, The Phytologist, 1849-1854
Dickinson, Dr. J., The Flora of Liverpool, 1851
— The Flora of Liverpool Supplement (Mosses), 1855
Marratt, F. P., 'Mosses of Liverpool and Southport,' in Phytologist. This contains Dr. J. B. Woods' 'Bryology of Southport,' 1855
Wilson, Wm., Bryologia Britannica (ed. 3), 1855
Irvine, The Phytologist (new ser.), 1855-1863
Linton, W. J., The Lake Country, 1864
— Ferns of the Lake Country (ed. 2), 1878
Aspland, L., Guide to Grange. Plants by A. Mason and L. Aspland, 1869
Liverpool Nat. Field Club, Flora of Liverpool, 1872
Linton, Rev. E. F., Catalogue of Plants of West Lancashire in Botanical Locality Rec. Club, 1874
Hodgson, Miss E., 'Flora of North or Lake Lancashire,' in Journal of Botany, 1874
Baker, John Gilbert, F.R.S., Flora of English Lake District, 1885
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