ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY Before the end of 1554 England was received back into unity with Rome, and the state of the Church was, by Mary's second Act of Repeal, restored to what it had been in 1529.^" The Heresy Acts were also revived. ^^* Cardinal Pole, who had now taken up his residence at Lambeth,'" was present together with the king and many nobles at Paul's Cross on Advent Sunday, when Bishop Gardiner preached an eloquent sermon on the reconciliation between England and Rome.'™ Mass was celebrated in the cathedral on this occasion with great solemnity, the mayor, aldermen, and companies being present.'" At St. Nicholas' tide an order was issued forbidding the election of boy- bishops, but in some few parishes it was disobeyed, and the old ceremonies were revived."" A small company of men and women assembled in the churchyard of St. Mary le Bow on the night of i January i 554-5, and there, led by Thomas Rose or Rosse, a minister, they had the English service. They were arrested and imprisoned, Rose being sent to the Tower. On St. Paul's Day (25 January) there were processions in London, and bonfires were ordered to be lighted in token of thanksgiving for the restoration of Catholic unity. '*' Four days later followed the appointment of commissioners who sat in St. Mary Overy for the trial of heretics.^ The first to suffer for conscience' sake was John Rogers, once vicar of St. Sepulchre's, and prebendary of St. Paul's. He was burnt at Smithfield on 4 February,'** and on the 8th Laurence Saunders, rector of AUhallows Bread Street, was burnt at Coventry."^ Bishop Bonner strongly urged the laity of his diocese to become ' reconciled ' before Easter, and made special provision for the satisfying of any doubts or scruples which they might have, warning them that only a limited time could be allowed them in which to make up their minds. '^^ He also warned the clergy that they were expected to induce all their parishioners to make their confession at Easter.'" In March Thomas Tompkins, a weaver of Shoreditch, and William Hunter, a London apprentice, were burnt for heresy at Smithfield ; '*' and in May, John Cardmaker, at one time vicar of St. Bride Fleet Street, and John Warne, an ' upholder ' '*' of Walbrook, suffered the same punishment."" Meanwhile the Protestant party were guilty of various outrages. An image of St. Thomas the Martyr over the door of a church in Cheapside was mutilated ; '" two of the friars from Greenwich were pelted with stones ; "^ a pudding was offered to a priest while going in procession on '" Stat. I & 2 Philip and Mary, cap. 8, printed in Gee and Hardy, Documents, 385. '"* Stat. I & 2 Philip and Mary, cap. 6, printed ibid. 384. '" Machyn, Diary, 76. '" Sanders, j4ngl. Schism, bk. iii, cap. ii ; Wriothesley, Ckron. ii, 1 24-5. '" Machyn, Diary, 77. '™ e.g. St. Andrew Holborn and St. Nicholas Olave ; ibid. 78. '" Machyn, Diary, 79 ; Acts o/P.C. v, 88. '" Corp. Rec. Journ. xvi, fol. 32 13 ; Letter Bic. S, fol. 13^ ; Machyn, ZJijry, 80 ; Monum. Franc, ii, 256. '" Wriothesley, Chron. ii, 126. "* Sharpe, Lond. and the Kingdom, i, 474 ; Machyn, Diary, 81. "^ Ibid. 82 ; Diet. Nat. Biog. Saunders had formerly been reader in Lichfield Cathedral. "* Cardwell, Doc. Annals, i, 137 ; Lond. Epis. Reg. Bonner, fol. 371-2 ; see .^ profitable and necessary doctrine, &c., set forth by Bp. Bonner, 1555. '^' Cardwell, Doc. Annals, i, 141. "' Machyn, Diary, 83 ; Sharpe, Lond. and the Kingdom, i, 474. "' Upholsterer, or cloth-worker. "" Sharpe, loc. cit. ; Machyn, Diary, 88 ; Monum. Franc, ii, 257. '" Machyn, Diary, 82 ; Wriothesley, Chron. ii, 127. ^^ActsofP.C. v," 169. 301
