A HISTORY OF SUSSEX Tenthredina {continued) Tenthredina [continued) Tenthredo (?) colon, Klug. Hastings ds- Tenthredo fagi, Pz. (solitaria) Guest ling^i^ trict (E. W. Andrews) June, 1892, Ninfield, Abbots Wood, — livida, L. Guest/ing, Storrington, etc. ; Laughton common — mesomelsna, L. Common CYNIPIDtE Gallflies The Cynipids are seldom seen by the ordinary observer, though the galls made by some of them are very generally known ; such are the oak apple, the artichoke gall, the cherry gall and the spangle galls. The Cynips galls are also worthy of note as differing so extremely in form and position : some are conspicuous, such as those mentioned above, while others are small and well concealed ; they are found on the leaves, the twigs, the stems, and even the roots. The economy of the gall makers is very curious; we have here, in many cases, not only perfect parthenogenesis but alternations of genera- tions. One generation then consists both of males and females, while the next generation are all females; and so different are the insects in these alternate generations that they have been considered to belong to distinct genera, while the galls made by them are also quite different. I have therefore retained both names and have given a brief description of the galls. I have been unable to obtain any information respecting the Sussex Cynips galls, except those which occur in the neighbourhood of Hast- ings, but of these I have a very good list. Mr. E. Connold has rendered much assistance, as he has assiduously collected these as well as other kinds of galls and thus has added many species. Any one who is interested in this subject would do well to refer to the monograph of the British Phytophagous Hyrnenoptera by P. Cameron (vol. iv.), in which all these galls are figured and described, and to Alternatitig Generations, by Hermann Adler, translated and edited by C. R. Straton. In this latter work the oak galls alone are given, but the figures are good and there is much interesting information. The ar- rangement and nomenclature which I have used are those of the above mentioned monograph. Rhodites eglanterise, Htg. Forms pea-shaped on the peduncles of Hypochaeris radicata. galls on the leaves of wild roses ; not Fairlight, St. He/ens, Ore (E. Connold) uncommon Aulax papaveris, Perr. The galls are formed — rosae, L. The well known bedeguar ; within the seed vessels of poppies. common Railway bank at Crowhurst (E. Con- — nervosus, Curt, (rosarum). Galls like nold) those of R. eglanterias but with several -^ hieracii, Bouchd. Swellings on the stems stout and sharp spines. Guestling, Hast- of Hieracia. Guest/ing, Fairlight ; ings, etc. scarce Aulax glechomas, Htg. Galls large, green or Xestophanes potentills, De Vill. Irregular reddish, on the leaves of Glechoma swellings on the stems and leaf stalks hederacea. Guest/ing, Pett, Crowhurst of Potentilla reptans. Fairlight ; Battle — hypocha-ridis. Kief. Spindle-shaped galls (E. Connold) 122
