VII. VERB. PRESENT SYSTEM. 337 3. átti, ásti, éti, kşeti, takti (tak- 'rusḥ'), dāti (dā- 'share'), dāṣṭi (dāś- 'worship'), dvesti, páti, bhárti, bháti, mārṣți (SA. XII. 9), yắti, răṣṭi (rāj- 'rule'), rélhi (rih- 'lick'), vasti (vas- 'desire'), vati, véti, stauti (AV.; Kh. v. 3²), hánti. With connecting -i- or --: ániti, śvásiti; amīti (TS. VS.), taviti (tu- 'be strong'), brávīti. Du. 2. ithás, krthás, pathás, bhuthás, yathás, vithás, sthás (as- 'be'), hathás (√han-). 3. attas, etas (AV.), ksitás, dvistas (AV.), patas, psātás (AV.), bhūtas, yatas, vätas, stas, snatas, hatás, hnutas. Pl. 1. admasi (AV.), imási, uśmásiª (Vvas), stumási, smási, hanmasi (AV.); dvişmás, brūmás (AV.), mṛjmas (AV.), yāmas, rudhmas (AV.), vidmas (Kh. iv. 5³³), stumas (AV.), smas, hanmas. 2. itha, krtha, gathá (RV¹.)³, nethá, pāthá 'protect's, yathá, stha, hathá; pāthána, yāthána, sthána. 3. adanti, amánti, uśánti, kşiyánti, ghnánti (√ han-), dánti (dā- ‘cut'), duhanti, dvişánti (AV.), pänti, bruvánti, bhanti, mrjánti, yánti, yánti, rihánti, rudánti, vänti, vyánti (√vī-), sánti. Middle. Sing. I. iye (i- 'go'), ile, ise, uvél, duhe, bruve, mrje (AV.), yuje, yuve (yu- join'), suve (su- 'beget'), hnuve. 2. íkse, krsé, cakse (= *caks-se), dhukse (AV.), bruse, vitsé (vid- 'find'), šése. With connecting -i-: sise. With ending -e: íse", cité (cit- 3. áste, itte (Vid-), irte, iste (Vīš-), cáște (√ cakṣ-), brūté, váste, śāste, finkte⁹ (Všinj-), sūte, hate (SA. XII. 27). 'perceive'), duhé, bruve, vidé ('finds'), śáye". Du. 2. ásathe, isäthe, caksāthe, vasathe. śayāte, súvāte. — — Pl. 1. ásmahe (AV.), imahe, iśmahe (AV.), mṛjmáhe (AV.), yujmahe, sasmahe, sémahe (AV.), hūmáhe. - 2. With connecting --: īsidhve (AV.). - 3. ásate, irate, ilate, isate, óhate (√uh-), grhate, cákṣate, duhaté ¹3, dvişáte (AV.), nimsate, bruváte, rihaté ¹3, vásate, śasate, suvate. With ending -re: duhré, śére (AV.); with -rate: duhrate, śérate (AV. TS.). 3. asate, iyate, duhāte, bruváte, — Present Subjunctive. 452. In the AV. several forms are irregularly made with a, as if following the a conjugation. No examples of the 2. du. and pl. mid. are found. The forms which actually occur, if made from brü- 'speak', would be: Active. Sing. 1. brávāṇi, brávā. 2. brávasi, brávas. 3. brávati, brávat. Du. 1. brávāva. 2. brávathas. 3. brávatas. bravatas. Pl. 1. brávama. 2. bravatha. 3. brávan. ¹ With irregular strong radical vowel. 2 Once anomalously śmási. 3 With loss of nasal as in /han-. 4 With irregular strong radical vowel: cp. V. NEGELEIN 33. 5 Once from pā- 'drink', in I. 86¹? 6 Thirteen times from pa- 'protect', once (II. II14) from pā- 'drink' (probably subj. aor.). 7 This form occurring only once in the RV. seems to be formed from a doubtful root u 'proclaim'; cp. WHITNEY, Roots, under u. 8 huvé, sing. I. and 3., should perhaps be Indo-arische Philologie. I. 4. — Middle. Sing. 1. bravé. 2. bravase. 3. brávate. - Du. 1. bravāvahai. 3. brávaite. Pl. 1. brávamahai, bravamahe. 3. brávanta. The forms which actually occur are the following: Active. Sing. 1. ásāni (AV.), brávāṇi; ayā, bravā, stávā. placed here rather than in the á class ; on- this form cp. OLDENBERG, ZDMG. 59, 355 ff.; NEISSER, BB. 25, 315 ff. 9 šinte (AV.). 10 AVERY 234 gives ise only, apparently instead of ise. The form işe would be 3. sing. mid. perfect. 1¹ On these forms cp. V. NEGELEIN 10²; NEISSER, BB. 20, 74. 12 Placed by WHITNEY, Roots, doubtfully under the aorist of Vgrah-. 13 With irregular accent. 22
