I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. Pl. 2. ūrṇuta, kṛṇutá and kṛṇóta³, trpnuta, dhūnuta, śṛṇutá and śṛṇota¹, sunutá and sunóta, hinuta (AV.) and hinóta; tanota¹ (AV. TS.). With ending -tana: krnótana², śrnotana², sunótana ², hinotana* (x. 30¹). 3. aśnuvantu, urņuvantu, kṛṇvántu, cinvantu (TS.v. 2.11²), śṛṇvántu, hinvantu; vanvántu, sanvantu. 348 Middle. Sing. 2. urnusva, krnusvá, cinusva (AV.), dhūnusva (AV.), śrnusvá; tanuṣva, vanusva. 3. aśnutām (AV.), kṛṇutắm; tanutām (TS. 1. 6. 3³), manutām, vanutām (AV.). Du. 2. kṛṇvatham (AV.). — Pl. 2. kṛṇudhvám, sunudhvam; tanudhvam, vanudhvam (AV.). 3. ṛṇvatām (AV.); kurvatām (AV.), tanvátām (AV.), vanvatām (AV.). - Present Participle. 473. Active, ūrṇuvánt- and ūrṇvánt-, f.-vatí-, ṛṇvánt-, kṛṇvánt-³, f. -vatí-, cinvánt-, f.-vati, dunvánt- (AV.), dhunvánt-, pinvánt- (AV.), minvánt-, vrnvánt-, śrṇvánt, f. -vatí-, sunvánt-, hinvánt-, f. -vatí-; kurvánt- (AV.), f. -vatí- (AV.), tanvánt-, f. -vatí- (AV.), vanvánt-. Middle. ūrṇvāná-, kṛṇvāná-, cinvāná- (TS.IV.2.10¹), dhūnvāná-, pinvāná-, sunvāná-, hinvāná-; kurvāṇá- (AV.), tanvāná-, manvāná-, vanvāná-. Imperfect Indicative. 474. Active. Sing. I. aśrṇavam; kṛṇavam. 2. ákrnos, ávrnos, áśrnos, ásaghnos, ainos, áurnos; akaros (AV.), ávanos, ásanos. 3. ákrnot, ádhunot, avrnot, apnot (AV. TS.), ardhnot (AV.), ainot, durnot; akarot (VS. AV.), atanot, asanot. - Du. 2. akṛṇutam, adhunutam. Pl. 2. akṛṇuta and akrnota; akrnotana. 3. ákrvan, acinvan (AV.), aśaknuvan, aśṛṇvan (AV.); rnvan, minvan; akurvan (AV.), avanvan, ásanvan. Middle. Sing. 2. adhunuthas; kuruthas (AV.). 3. akṛṇuta, ádhunuta; kṛṇuta; akuruta (AV.), atanuta (AV.), ámanuta. - — Pl. 2. ákṛṇudhvam. - 3. ákṛnvata, avrnvata; akurvata (AV.; Kh.I 135), átanvata, amanvata, avanvata (AV.). - p. 3. The nã- class. WHITNEY, DELBRÜCK, Verbum p. 151–153. AVERY, Verb-Inflection 232 ff. Sanskrit Grammar p. 260-263; Roots 214. v. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 49- 57- Cp. J. SCHMIDT, Festgruss an Roth 179 ff.; BARTHOLOMAE, IF. 7, 50-81; BRUG- MANN, IF. 16, 509 ff. 475. Nearly forty verbs belong to this class in the Samhitās. The stem is formed by adding to the root, in the strong forms, the accented syllable -nás, which in the weak forms is reduced to -nī before consonants and -n before vowels. a. There are some irregularities with regard to the root, the suffix, and the endings. 1. The root shows a tendency to be reduced in various ways. The roots j- 'overpower', ju- 'hasten', pū- 'purify', are shortened; e. g. jinámi, junāsi, punáti. The root grabh- 'seize' and its later form grah- take ¹ With strong stem instead of weak. Thus 3 skryvánt in pari-skrván (IX. 39²). in four out of seven verbs there is an alter- native strong form; and in one other (tanota) the strong is the only form occurring. 4 In x. 134 akṛṇvata has the appearance of being used for the 3. sing. (— akṛṇuta). 2 Thus all the forms occurring with -tana have a strong stem. WHITNEY 704 also mentions karóta besides the 2. du. kynotam, but I do not know whether these forms occur in mantra passages, 5 The suffix may originally have been -nai of which -ni would be the weak grade (27); but BRUGMANN, Grundriss 2, 597, note, disagrees with this view. He thinks -nī has displaced earlier -ni, KG. p. 512.
