I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. Forms that actually occur elsewhere in the present system are the following: a. Subjunctive. Active. Sing. I. namasyā. 2. uruşyas, kirtáyās (AV.), śravasyás. 3. apasyắt, arātīyát (TS. IV. 1. 10³; VS. XI. 80), arātiyat (AV.), urusyát, caraṇyāt (AV.), durasyát (AV.), duvasyát, prtanyát, vanusyắt, vareyát, vasuyat, ravasyát, saparyát. Du. 3. varivasyatas. prtanyān (AV.), saparyán, saranyán. Middle. Sing. 2. artháyāse, nīláyāse. 3. ankháyāte. Pl. 3. Pl. 3- b. Injunctive. Active. Sing. 2. irasyas, risanyas, ruvanyas. — turanyan, duvasyan, namasyan, saparyan. Middle. Sing. 3. panāyata. - Pl. 3. rghāyánta, rtayanta, krpánanta, taruşanta, dhunayanta, rucayanta, vanusanta, susváyanta. c. Optative. Active. Sing. 2. daśasyes. 3. urusyet, caranyet (TS. I. 8. 22¹), daśasyet, duvasyét. Pl. 1. işayema, tarusema, saparyéma. Middle. Sing. 3. manasyéta (AV.). 402 - — - — — d. Imperative. Active. Sing. 2. isanya, uruşyá, gātuyá, gūrdhaya, gopayá (AV. TS.), grbhaya, daśasyá, duvasya, namasyá, varivasyá, vajaya (TS. I. 7. 8¹), śrathāya, saparya. 3. urusyatu, gopāyatu“ (AV.), bhișajyatu (TS. v. 2. 12²). Du. 2. uruşyátam, gopayátam, canasyátam, daśasyátam. 3. uruṣyátām. - Pl. 2. işanyata, uruşyata, grbhāyáta (AV.), gopāyata (AV.), daśasyata, duvasyáta, namasyata, risanyata, saparyata. 3. urusyantu, gopāyantu (AV.), varivasyantu. Middle. Sing. 2. arthayasva, vīráyasva (AV. TS.), vṛṣāyasva (AV.). Pl. 2. tilviläyádhvam, vīráyadhvam. 3. dhunayantām. — e. Participle. The present participle active in -ant (with fem. -ant-i) is very common, while the middle form in -māna, occurs fairly often. a. Examples of the active are aghãyánt, ankuyánt, adhvariyánt-, amitra- yánt-, arātīyánt-, aśvāyánt, isanyánt-, işáyant- and isayánt-, işuyánt-, udan- yánt, urjáyant, rghayánt, rtáyant-, rtayánt-, gavyánt, gopayánt- (AV.), tavişiyánt-, daśasyánt-, duvasyánt, devayánt, namasyánt, paláyant- (AV.), putriyánt-, prtanäyánt-, prtanyánt-, bhandanaãyánt-, bhuraṇyánt-, mathāyánt-, muṣāyánt-, yajñāyánt-, yuṣmayánt-, rathirayánt-, rathīyánt-, vasūyánt-, vasna- yánt-, vājáyant- and vājayánt-, vṛṣanyánt-, śatrūyánt-, šīkāyánt- (VS.) 'dripping', sakhiyánt-, satvanāyánt- (AV.), saparyánt, sumnāyánt-, suṣváyant-, hṛṇäyánt- 'angry'. 6. Examples of the middle are rghāyámāṇa-, rjūyámāna-, ojāyámāna-, kaṇḍūyámāna- (TS.), kavīyámāna-, caraṇīyámāna-, taviṣyámāṇa-, priyāyámāṇa- (AV.), (á-prati-)manyūyamāna- (AV.), raśanāyámāna-, vṛṣṣāyámāṇa-, samanayá- māna-, sumakhasyámāna- (TS.), sumanasyámāna-, stabhūyámāna-, svapasyá- māna-, hṛṇīyámāna- ‘angry'. 3. aprtanyat, f. Du. 3. Imperfect. Active. Sing. 2. arandhanayas. áskabhāyat (AV.); urusyat, damanyat, dhūpáyat (AV.); abhiṣṇak. uruṣyátām. Pl. 3. anamasyan, asaparyan; turanyan, vapusyan, saparyan (TS. II. 2. 124). Middle. Sing. 3. ápriyayata. Du. 2. avirayethām. Pl. 3. işanayanta. 570. Outside the present system no denominative form occurs in the RV. except ūnayīs (+AV.), 2. sing. iş- aorist (used injunctively with mắ) to pw. = I The form bhurájanta (IV.435) is according | declension (go-pá-) occur in the RV. To bhrajanta for bhrajjanta (bhrajj- 'be the denominative must be due the secon- roasted'). Cp. note in OLDENBERG'S Rgveda. dary root gup- 'protect' (jugupur once, gupitá- 2 This denominative is derived from the twice in the RV.). Cp. p. 358, note 13. How very frequent go-pa- 'cowherd', of which gup- should be a denominative of go- 'cow' two transition forms according to the a-(v. NEGELEIN 43, note 5) is not clear.
