I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. 'in'; e. g. indra id dháryoḥ sáca (1.72) 'Indra with his two bays'; mądáyasva sute sáca (1.818) 'rejoice at the pressed libation'; námucav asuré sáca (VS.xx.68) 'along with the demoniac Namuci. 424 sanitúr ‘apart from'. 620. This adverb is used two or three times in the RV. after the accusative in the sense of 'beside', 'apart from'; e. g. pátim sanitúr (V.12³) 'without a lord'. sanutár 'far from'. 621. Allied to the preceding word, sanutár appears once in the RV. with the ablative in the sense of 'far away from': ksétrad apasyam sanutáś cárantam (v. 24) 'far from the field I saw him wandering'. sahá 'with'. 622. This adverb is common in the RV. as well as the later Samhitās, before and after the instrumental in the sense of 'with'; e. g. sahá fşibhiḥ (I. 2324) 'together with the seers'; jaráyuna sahá (VS. VIII. 28) 'with the after- birth'; sahá pátyä (TS. I. 1. 10²) 'with (my) husband'; mánasa sahá (AV.1.1²) 'together with divine mind'. sākám ‘with'. 623. In the same sense as, but less frequently than, sahá, the adverb sākám ³ is used before and after the instrumental; e. g. sakám súryasya raśmibhiḥ (1. 477) 'together with the rays of the sun'; sakám gan mánasa yajñám (VS. xxvII. 31) 'may he come with thought to the sacrifice'; sākám jarayuṇā pata (AV. 1. 116) 'fly with the afterbirth'. sumád 'with'. 624. This word occurs four times as an adverb in the RV. with the sense of 'together'. It is found once governing the instrumental in the sense of 'with': jäyá pátim vahati vagnúna sumát (x. 323) 'the wife weds the husband with a shout of joy'. smád 'with'. 625. Besides being used adverbially some half dozen times in the RV. with the sense of 'together', 'at the same time', smáds also occurs about as often with the instrumental, meaning 'with'; e. g. smát süribhiḥ (1. 51¹) 'together with the princes'. 2. Adverbs. GRASSMANN, Wörterbuch 1737-1740. WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar 1097-1117. 626. Adverbs are most conveniently grouped as those which are formed with adverbial suffixes and those which are formed with case-endings. The former class may be best described according to the suffixes alphabetically arranged, the latter according to the ordinary sequence of the cases. Though not found in the AV., sácă survives in the TB. (1. 2. 18). 2 Cp. BR. and GRASSMANN, s. v. 3 On other adverbs of similar meaning, with case-endings (samáyā, sarátham) used prepositionally, see WHITNEY 1127. 4 sumád also appears as the first member of a componnd in sumád-amšu-, sumad-gana-, sumád-ratha-. 5 smád also appears as the first member of six or seven compounds.
