—2—
in favor of militarism, the pamphlet, considered as a symptom, acquired an importance which could not be ignored.
The party was engaged in a fight against the penitentiary bill, and other attempts at coercion on the part of the dominant reactionists, and was just beginning to forget Schippelism and Bernsteinism, expecting from the next party convention a thorough shaking up and cleaning out, when suddenly the report came of the political "cow-trade" or log rolling in Bavaria. We have been accustomed to Bavarian peculiarities for years; we know that Bavarian affairs, and in general South German affairs, are not to be measured according to the North German standard; and no one can be more tolerant than the Berlin comrades who, in front of the gates of the Imperial residence city, have to deal with peculiarities which, though of a different kind, are quite as striking as the Bavarian possibly can be. We know particularly that where the religious element cuts a figure in politics and the clerical Center party prevents a normal political development, class-consciousness is easily crowded out by other considerations. And also out side of Bavaria we have heard of some very strange campaign alliances. Nevertheless, what happened this time in Bavaria was in its way a novelty. A formal alliance was entered into, not underhanded, not over the heads of the mass by particular comrades, but by one party with an other party, by the leaders of the Social Democracy in Bavaria, with the leaders of the Center party in Bavaria.
This event stirred up a great commotion and caused the most intense anxiety everywhere in party circles. At first the surprise, the disapproval, found no expression. As the legislative elections in Bavaria are indirect, one could not immediately raise a protest, for in so doing one
