proper to inject a clyster composed of two-thirds of thin gruel, and one-third of strong vinegar.
For the various forms and ingredients of clysters, to answer different purposes, we refer to the articles, Colic, Costiveness, Dysentery, Flatulency, Hysterics, Urine, Worms, &c.
COACHES, are covered vehicles for travelling, suspended on springs, and moved by wheels. Although these articles of convenience and luxury were not unknown to the ancient Romans, yet the first coach appears to have been introduced into England by the Earl of Arundel, who imported it from Germany, about the year 1580.
By the 38 Geo. III. c. 41, all former duties on coaches, &c. are repealed, and the following charged in lieu of them—namely, for every coach, berlin, landau, chariot, calash, with four wheels; chaise-marine, chaise with four wheels, or by whatsoever name such carriages may be called, kept by any person for his own use, or to be lett out for hire (hackney-coaches excepted), shall be paid the yearly sum of 9l. 12s.: and for every such carriage, &c. with four wheels, lett to hire for the purpose of travelling post, by any licensed post-master or inn-keeper, whose name and place of abode shall be painted thereon, the sum of 8l. 8s.: and for every carriage with less than four wheels, kept by any person for his own use, or to be lett out to hire, the sum of 4l. 4s.—Note. Carriages with four wheels, lett to hire, to travel post for a day, or less period of time, or by the mile, or from stage to stage, are to be charged only 8l. 8s. per carriage.
Hackney-Coaches, are those exposed to hire in the streets of London, as well as other large cities, and paid at certain rates, which are fixed by legal authority. The number of hackney-coaches allowed in London and Westminster, is 1000; which are licensed by Commissioners; and their proprietors pay a weekly duty of ten shillings. Numbers, painted on tin plates, are affixed to each coach-door; and their fares, or rates, are settled by parliament: these have been considerably raised by a late act (39 and 40 Geo. III. c. 47), which vests a discretionary power in the Commissioners for licensing hackney-coaches, and of raising their fares, when the price of oats shall exceed a certain sum per quarter.
For every hackney-coach hired, or kept in waiting, between six o'clock in the morning and twelve at night, for any time not exceeding forty minutes, one shilling; and for every further period of time, not exceeding twenty minutes, computed from the expiration of the first forty minutes, sixpence.
For every hackney-coach hired in any part of the cities of London and Westminster, or the Borough of Southwark, or any place adjoining thereto, where and from whence there is a regular continuation of carriage-way pavement, or at any standing for hackney-coaches beyond such regular continuation, and taken to, and discharged at, such a time as will prevent its return before sun-set to the nearest carriage-way, pavement, or standing (estimating the driving at the rate of five miles within the hour); in such case, sixpence per mile, or half fare, is allowed by the act, for such ground as it may have to re-
