who are desirous of farther information on this interesting subject, will meet with judicious hints in Mr. Nelson's Essay on the Government of Children, &c. (8vo. 5s. Dodsley); and particularly in Dr. Harwood's little tract, entitled, "Of Temperance and Intemperance," &c. (8vo. 2s. 6d. Becket, 1774): in which their effects on the body and mind, and their influence in prolonging or shortening human life, are dicussed in clear, energetic language; and confirmed by examples.
Tempering. See Case-hardening, and Steel.
TENCH, or Cyprinus tinca, L. a British fish which delights in still waters; being seldom found in rivers. Its back is of a dusky colour; the head, sides, and belly, of a greenish cast, beautifully variegated with a golden hue, that exhibits the greatest lustre, when the fish is in its highest perfection. The body of this fish, in proportion to its length, is thick and short: it commonly weighs about 4lb. though sometimes amounts to 10, or even 20lbs.
Although the Tench was not much esteemed by the ancients, yet at present it is considered palatable food; and, in point of flavour, equal to that of Carp. If caught from clear waters, their flesh is much superior to those occasionally inhabiting muddy places.
Tench is a simple fish, and is easily taken: the method of angling for it, differs in no material respect from that for Carp, but the hooks and lines should be rather finer; and the sportsman may either use leads or floats, accordingly as the water happens to be more or less obstructed by weeds.—See the article Carp.
TENDONS, or Sinews, in the animal frame, are ligaments, by which the motion of the joints is performed.
The principal affections of tendinous parts, proceed from external violence, by which they may be wounded or lacerated. In these cases, surgical assistance ought to be immediately procured; otherwise, inflammation, fever, and even death, may be the consequence. If a tendon be partly divided, a few drops of Peruvian balsam poured into the wound, will be found an excellent remedy. But the principal relief in wounded or ruptured sinews, will be derived from keeping the limb in such a posture as to relax the muscles, and thus to facilitate the re-union of the injured part; after which, a proper bandage of fine soft flannel should be tightly passed round the limb, in order that the muscles may be retained in a state of ease, till a complete cure be accomplished. If such a ligament be violently distended, as is frequently the case in luxations, the most proper application will be the Arquebusade-water, described, vol. i. p. 103.
A swelling sometimes appears on the tendons, particularly those of the wrist and ankle, where it is called ganglion. Such tumors are of an elastic nature, moveable, and generally arise from external injury, rheumatism, &c.: in many instances, they spontaneously disappear; but in the contrary case, friction, and gentle compression, by means of a thin plate of lead, secured by a proper bandage, will generally be sufficient to remove them. Should this treatment, however, not prove efficacious, or an inflammation of the part ensue, it
will
